Gale
![James Hamilton](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_After_a_Gale--Wreckers_-_James_Hamilton_-_overall.jpg)
Other sources use minima as low as , and maxima as high as . Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term “gale” to refer to winds of for coastal areas, between and . The definition is very non-standard. A common alternative definition of the maximum is .
The most common way of describing wind force is with the Beaufort scale which defines a gale as wind from to . It is an empirical measure for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions. On the original 1810 Beaufort wind force scale, there were four different "gale" designations whereas generally today there are two gale forces, 8 and 9, and a near gale 7:
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Wind force !! Original name !! Current name !! km/h !! m/s !! mph !! knots !! Mean knots !! Sea state |- | 7 || Moderate gale || Near gale || 50–61 || 14–17 || 32–38 || 28–33 || 30 || Rough |- | 8 || Fresh gale || Gale || 62–74 || 17–20 || 39–46 || 34–40 || 37 || Very Rough |- | 9 || Strong gale || Severe Gale/ Strong Gale (UK) || 75–88 || 21–24 || 47–54 || 41–47 || 44 || High |- | 10 || Whole gale || Storm || 89–102 || 25–28 || 55–63 || 48–55 || 52 || Very High |} Provided by Wikipedia
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122by Gradstein, Felix, Gale, Andrew, Kopaevich, Ludmila, Waskowska, Anna, Grigelis, Algimantas, Glinskikh, LarisaGet access
Published in Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (2017)
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124by Gale, Andy, Huggett, J., Palike, H., Laurie, E., Hailwood, E., Hardenbol, J.Get access
Published in Journal of the Geological Society (2006)
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127by Tollit, D.J., Heaslip, Susan Gale, Barrick, R.L., Trites, A.W.Get access
Published in Canadian Journal of Zoology (2007)
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129by F. Falzoni, M.R. Petrizzo, H. C. Jenkyns, A. S. Gale, H. TsikosContributors: “...A.S. Gale...”
Published in Cretaceous Research (2016)
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130by Tollit, D.J., Heaslip, Susan Gale, Barrick, R.L., Trites, A.W.Get access
Published in Canadian Journal of Zoology (2007)
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131by Gale, Andrew S., Kennedy, William James, Lees, Jackie A., Petrizzo, Marie Rose, Walaszczyk, IreneuszGet access
Published 2007
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135by Gale, A.S., Kennedy, W.J., Burnett, J.A., Caron, M., Kidd, B.E.Get access
Published in Cretaceous Research (1996)
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136by Gale, Luka, Rigaud, Sylvain, Gennari, Valerio, Blau, Joachim, Rettori, Roberto, Martini, Rossana, Gaetani, MaurizioGet access
Published in Global and Planetary Change (2020)
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137by Gale, A, Hancock, J, Kennedy, W, Petrizzo, MR, Lees, J, Walaszczyk, I, Wray, DGet access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2016)
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138by Gradstein, Felix, Gale, Andrew, Kopaevich, Ludmila, Waskowska, Anna, Grigelis, Algimantas, Glinskikh, Larisa, Görög, ÁgnesGet access
Published in Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (2017)
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139by Dawber, Caroline F., Tripati, Aradhna K., Gale, Andrew S., MacNiocaill, Conall, Hesselbo, Stephen P.Get access
Published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2011)
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140