Gale
![James Hamilton](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_After_a_Gale--Wreckers_-_James_Hamilton_-_overall.jpg)
Other sources use minima as low as , and maxima as high as . Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term “gale” to refer to winds of for coastal areas, between and . The definition is very non-standard. A common alternative definition of the maximum is .
The most common way of describing wind force is with the Beaufort scale which defines a gale as wind from to . It is an empirical measure for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions. On the original 1810 Beaufort wind force scale, there were four different "gale" designations whereas generally today there are two gale forces, 8 and 9, and a near gale 7:
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Wind force !! Original name !! Current name !! km/h !! m/s !! mph !! knots !! Mean knots !! Sea state |- | 7 || Moderate gale || Near gale || 50–61 || 14–17 || 32–38 || 28–33 || 30 || Rough |- | 8 || Fresh gale || Gale || 62–74 || 17–20 || 39–46 || 34–40 || 37 || Very Rough |- | 9 || Strong gale || Severe Gale/ Strong Gale (UK) || 75–88 || 21–24 || 47–54 || 41–47 || 44 || High |- | 10 || Whole gale || Storm || 89–102 || 25–28 || 55–63 || 48–55 || 52 || Very High |} Provided by Wikipedia
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181by Gale, A.S., Bown, P., Caron, M., Crampton, J., Crowhurst, S.J., Kennedy, W.J., Petrizzo, M.R., Wray, D.S.Get access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2011)
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182by Fitzsimons, John, Williston, Bill, Williston, Georgina, Bravener, Gale, Jonas, Jory L., Claramunt, Randall M., Marsden, J. Ellen, Ellrott, Brian J.Get access
Published 2006
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183by Galé, C., Ubide, T., Lago, M., Gil-Imaz, A., Gil-Peña, I., Galindo-Zaldívar, J., Rey, J., Maestro, A., López-Martínez, J.Get access
Published 2013
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184
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185by Gale, C., Ubide, T., Lago, M., Gil-Imaz, A., Gil-Pena, I., Galindo-Zaldivar, J., Rey, J., Maestro, A., Lopez-Martinez, J.Get access
Published 2014
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186by Mortenson, E, Hayashida, H, Steiner, N, Monahan, A, Blais, M, Gale, MA, Galindo, V, Gosselin, M, Hu, X, Lavoie, D, Mundy, CJGet access
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2017)
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187by Mortenson, E, Hayashida, H, Steiner, N, Monahan, A, Blais, M, Gale, MA, Galindo, V, Gosselin, M, Hu, X, Lavoie, D, Mundy, CJGet access
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2017)
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188by Mortenson, E, Hayashida, H, Steiner, N, Monahan, A, Blais, M, Gale, MA, Galindo, V, Gosselin, M, Hu, X, Lavoie, D, Mundy, CJGet access
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2017)
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189by Galindo, Virginie, Levasseur, Maurice, Mundy, Christopher John, Gosselin, Michel, Scarratt, Michael, Papakyriakou, Tim, Stefels, Jacqueline, Gale, Matthew A., Tremblay, Jean-Éric, Lizotte, MartineGet access
Published in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (2016)
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190
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191by Batenburg, Sietske J., De Vleeschouwer, David, Sprovieri, Mario, Hilgen, Frederik J., Gale, Andrew S., Singer, Brad S., Köberl, Christian, Coccioni, Rodolfo, Claeys, Philippe, Montanari, AlessandroGet access
Published 2016
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192by Micah B. Hahn, Andrias Hojgaard, Gale Disler, William George, Amanda Droghini, Renate Schlaht, Lance A. Durden, Sarah Coburn, Robert Gerlach, Rebecca J. EisenContributors: “...Gale Disler...”
Published in Journal of Medical Entomology (2023)
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193by Galindo, Virginie, Levasseur, Maurice, Mundy, Christopher John, Gosselin, Michel, Scarratt, Michael, Papakyriakou, Tim, Stefels, Jacqueline, Gale, Matthew A., Tremblay, Jean-Eric, Lizotte, MartineGet access
Published in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (2016)
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194by Hahn, Micah B, Hojgaard, Andrias, Disler, Gale, George, William, Droghini, Amanda, Schlaht, Renate, Durden, Lance A, Coburn, Sarah, Gerlach, Robert, Eisen, Rebecca JGet access
Published in Journal of Medical Entomology (2023)
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195by Chan, Benny K. K., Dreyer, Niklas, Gale, Andy S., Glenner, Henrik, Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, Pérez-Losada, Marcos, Kolbasov, Gregory A., Crandall, Keith A., Høeg, Jens T.Get access
Published 2021
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196by Chan, Benny K. K., Dreyer, Niklas, Gale, Andy S., Glenner, Henrik, Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, Pérez-Losada, Marcos, Kolbasov, Gregory A., Crandall, Keith A., Høeg, Jens T.Get access
Published 2021
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197by Chan, Benny K. K., Dreyer, Niklas, Gale, Andy S., Glenner, Henrik, Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, Pérez-Losada, Marcos, Kolbasov, Gregory A., Crandall, Keith A., Høeg, Jens T.Get access
Published 2021
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198by Gale, AS, Jenkyns, HC, Tsikos, H, van Breugel, Y, Damsté, JS, Bottini, C, Erba, E, Russo, F, Falzoni, F, Petrizzo, MR, Dickson, AJ, Wray, DSGet access
Published in Newsletters on Stratigraphy (2018)
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199by Eric Mortenson, Hakase Hayashida, Nadja Steiner, Adam Monahan, Marjolaine Blais, Matthew A. Gale, Virginie Galindo, Michel Gosselin, Xianmin Hu, Diane Lavoie, C. J. MundyGet access
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2017)
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200by Eric Mortenson, Hakase Hayashida, Nadja Steiner, Adam Monahan, Marjolaine Blais, Matthew A. Gale, Virginie Galindo, Michel Gosselin, Xianmin Hu, Diane Lavoie, C. J. MundyGet access
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2017)
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