Facundo
![The cover of the original version from 1845.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Facundo.jpg)
''Facundo'' describes the life of Juan Facundo Quiroga, a ''caudillo'' who had terrorized provincial Argentina in the 1820s and 1830s. Kathleen Ross, one of ''Facundo'''s English translators, points out that the author also published ''Facundo'' to "denounce the tyranny of the Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas". Juan Manuel de Rosas ruled Argentina from 1829 to 1832 and again from 1835 to 1852; it was because of Rosas that Sarmiento was in exile in Chile, where he wrote the book. Sarmiento sees Rosas as heir to Facundo: both are ''caudillos'' and representatives of a barbarism that derives from the nature of the Argentine countryside. As Ross explains, Sarmiento's book is therefore engaged in describing the "Argentine national character, explaining the effects of Argentina's geographical conditions on personality, the 'barbaric' nature of the countryside versus the 'civilizing' influence of the city, and the great future awaiting Argentina when it opened its doors wide to European immigration".
Throughout the text, Sarmiento explores the dichotomy between civilization and barbarism. As Kimberly Ball observes, "civilization is identified with northern Europe, North America, cities, Unitarians, Paz, and Rivadavia", while "barbarism is identified with Latin America, Spain, Asia, the Middle East, the countryside, Federalists, Facundo, and Rosas". It is in the way that ''Facundo'' articulates this opposition that Sarmiento's book has had such a profound influence. In the words of González Echevarría: "in proposing the dialectic between civilization and barbarism as the central conflict in Latin American culture ''Facundo'' gave shape to a polemic that began in the colonial period and continues to the present day".
The first edition of ''Facundo'' was published in installments in 1845. Sarmiento removed the last two chapters of the second edition (1851), but restored them in the 1874 edition, deciding that they were important to the book's development.
The first translation into English, by Mary Tyler Peabody Mann, was published in 1868. A modern and complete translation by Kathleen Ross appeared in 2003 from the University of California Press. Provided by Wikipedia
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42by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Luccini, Eduardo, Barlasina, María Elena, Ochoa, HéctorGet access
Published 2020
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43by Facundo Burgos Ruiz Junior, Jullyanna Sabrysna Morais Shinosaki, Wilson Marques Junior, Marcelo Simão FerreiraGet access
Published in Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical (2007)
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45by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Ochoa, Héctor, Luccini, Eduardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Estévez Pérez, HéctorGet access
Published 2023
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46by Zheng, Whyjay, Sapienza, Facundo, Siegfried, Matthew, Grigsby, Shane, Snow, Tasha, Perez, Fernando, Taylor, JonathanGet access
Published 2023
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48by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Luccini, Eduardo, Nollas, Fernando Martín, Barlasina, María Elena, Ochoa, HéctorGet access
Published 2020
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49by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Luccini, Eduardo, Nollas, Fernando Martín, Barlasina, María Elena, Ochoa, HéctorGet access
Published 2020
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50by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Luccini, Eduardo, Nollas, Fernando Martín, Barlasina, María Elena, Ochoa, HéctorGet access
Published 2020
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51by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Luccini, Eduardo, Barlasina, María Elena, Ochoa, Héctor, Estévez Pérez, HéctorGet access
Published 2021
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52by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Ochoa, Héctor, Barlasina, María Elena, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Estévez Pérez, Héctor, Luccini, EduardoGet access
Published 2021
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53by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Ochoa, Héctor, Barlasina, María Elena, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Estévez Pérez, Héctor, Luccini, EduardoGet access
Published 2021
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54by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Ochoa, Héctor, Barlasina, María Elena, Luccini, Eduardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Estévez Pérez, HéctorGet access
Published 2022
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55by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Ochoa, Héctor, Barlasina, María Elena, Orte, Facundo, Estévez Pérez, Héctor, Wolfram, Elián, Luccini, EduardoGet access
Published 2022
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56by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Ochoa, Héctor, Barlasina, María Elena, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Estévez Pérez, Héctor, Luccini, EduardoGet access
Published 2021
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57by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Ochoa, Héctor, Barlasina, María Elena, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Estévez Pérez, Héctor, Luccini, EduardoGet access
Published 2021
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58by Carbajal Benítez, Gerardo, Orte, Facundo, Wolfram, Elián, Luccini, Eduardo, Nollas, Fernando Martín, Barlasina, María Elena, Ochoa, HéctorGet access
Published 2020
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59by Orte, Pablo Facundo, Wolfram, Elián Augusto, Salvador, J., D'Elía, Raúl Luis, Marinelli, C., Quel, Eduardo JaimeGet access
Published 2009
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60by Martínez, Lucía C., Haedo, Joana P., Pérez-Méndez, Néstor, Fioroni, Facundo, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Marrero, Hugo J.Get access
Published in Forest Ecology and Management (1483)
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Article in Journal/Newspaper