Environmental science
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, meteorology, mathematics and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment. Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect.
Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes, and to use that knowledge to understand how issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change influence and affect the natural systems and processes of earth. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space, and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis.
Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and (c) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book ''Silent Spring'' along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, "catching fire" (also in 1969), and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study. Provided by Wikipedia
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161by Lyytimäki, JariContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department...”
Published 2012
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162by Rantakari, MiittaContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department...”
Published 2010
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163by Perälä, TommiContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department...”
Published 2018
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164Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
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165by Rice, Alexander Hugh N., Edwards, Marc B., Hansen, Tor A., Arnaud, Emmanuelle, Halverson, Galen PippaContributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geological Society, London, Memoirs (2012)
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166Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
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167by Kunert, Anna T., Poehlker, Mira L., Tang, Kai, Krevert, Carola S., Wieder, Carsten, Speth, Kai R., Hanson, Linda E., Morris, Cindy E., Schmale, David G. III, Pöschl, Ulrich, Fröhlich-Nowoisky, JanineContributors: “...School of Plant and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2019)
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168Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
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169by Worthy, Trevor Henry, Tennyson, Alan J. D., Archer, Michael, Musser, Anne M., Hand, Suzanne J., Jones, Craig, Douglas, Barry J., McNamara, James A., Beck, Robin M. D.Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published 2006
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170by Nash, Merinda C., Opdyke, Bradley N., Troitzsch, Ulrike, Russell, Bayden D., Adey, Walter H., Kato, A., Diaz-Pulido, Guillermo A., Brent, C., Gardner, Michael George, Prichard, J., Kline, David I.Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Nature Climate Change (2013)
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171by Direen, Nicholas Gerard, Stagg, Howard Michael, Symonds, Philip A., Colwell, Jim B.Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (2011)
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172by Chris Harrod, Roger Jones, Per-Arne Amundsen, Kimmo K. Kahilainen, Antti P. Eloranta, Rune KnudsenContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2015)
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173by Anna Aymà Padrós, Elina Leskinen, Hannu Lehtonen, Laura Kristiina Helenius, Leena NurminenContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2015)
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174by Grosser, B. T.Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published 2012
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175by Acott, James Christopher RussellContributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published 2013
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176by Wallach, Arian Dana, Murray, Brad R., O'Neill, Adam J.Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Biological Conservation (2009)
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177Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
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178by Wallach, Arian Dana, Johnson, Christopher Norman, Ritchie, Euan G., O'Neill, Adam J.Contributors: “...School of Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Ecology Letters (2010)
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179by Magnussen, Eyofinn, Stensvold, Christen Rune, Berg, Rebecca, Jokelainen, Pikka, Haukisalmi, VoittoContributors: “...Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife (2023)
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