Environmental science
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physics, biology, meteorology, mathematics and geography (including ecology, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanography, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography, and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems. Environmental science emerged from the fields of natural history and medicine during the Enlightenment. Today it provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems.Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect.
Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes, and to use that knowledge to understand how issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change influence and affect the natural systems and processes of earth. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space, and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis.
Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and (c) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book ''Silent Spring'' along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, "catching fire" (also in 1969), and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study. Provided by Wikipedia
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121by Meier, H. E. Markus, Kniebusch, Madline, Dieterich, Christian, Groeger, Matthias, Zorita, Eduardo, Elmgren, Ragnar, Myrberg, Kai, Ahola, Markus P., Bartosova, Alena, Bonsdorff, Erik, Boergel, Florian, Capell, Rene, Carlen, Ida, Carlund, Thomas, Carstensen, Jacob, Christensen, Ole B., Dierschke, Volker, Frauen, Claudia, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaget, Elie, Galatius, Anders, Haapala, Jari J., Halkka, Antti, Hugelius, Gustaf, Huenicke, Birgit, Jaagus, Jaak, Jussi, Mart, Käyhkö, Jukka, Kirchner, Nina, Kjellstrom, Erik, Kulinski, Karol, Lehmann, Andreas, Lindström, Göran, May, Wilhelm, Miller, Paul A., Mohrholz, Volker, Muller-Karulis, Barbel, Pavon-Jordan, Diego, Quante, Markus, Reckermann, Marcus, Rutgersson, Anna, Savchuk, Oleg P., Stendel, Martin, Tuomi, Laura, Viitasalo, Markku, Weisse, Ralf, Zhang, WenyanContributors: “...Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Earth System Dynamics (2023)
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124by van Leeuwe, Maria A., Tedesco, Letizia, Arrigo, Kevin R., Assmy, Philipp, Campbell, Karley, Meiners, Klaus M., Rintala, Janne-Markus, Selz, Virginia, Thomas, David N., Stefels, JacquelineContributors: “...Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2018)
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125by Fripiat, Francois, Meiners, Klaus M., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Thomas, David N., Ackley, Stephen F., Arrigo, Kevin R., Carnat, Gauthier, Cozzi, Stefano, Delille, Bruno, Dieckmann, Gerhard S., Dunbar, Robert B., Fransson, Agneta, Kattner, Gerhard, Kennedy, Hilary, Lannuzel, Delphine, Munro, David R., Nomura, Daiki, Rintala, Janne-Markus, Schoemann, Veronique, Stefels, Jacqueline, Steiner, Nadja, Tison, Jean-LouisContributors: “...Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2018)
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126by Mattsson, TuijaContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department...”
Published 2010
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127by Prytulak, J., Brett, A., Webb, M., Plank, T., Rehkämper, M., Savage, P. S., Woodhead, J.Contributors: “...University of St Andrews. School of Earth & Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Chemical Geology (2017)
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128by Luque, Sebastian P., Arnould, John P.Y., Miller, Edward H., Cherel, Yves, Guinet, ChristopheContributors: “...School of Life and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Marine Biology (2007)
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129by Luque, Sebastian P., Arnould, John P.Y., Miller, Edward H., Cherel, Yves, Guinet, ChristopheContributors: “...School of Life and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Marine Biology (2007)
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130by Mettam, C., Zerkle, A. L., Claire, M. W., Izon, G., Junium, C. J., Twitchett, R. J.Contributors: “...University of St Andrews. Earth and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2017)
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131by Luque, Sebastian P., Arnould, John P.Y., Miller, Edward H., Cherel, Yves, Guinet, ChristopheContributors: “...School of Life and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Marine Biology (2007)
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132by Goulson, DaveContributors: “...Biological and Environmental Sciences...”
Published 2005
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133by Cott, Peter A., Sibley, Paul K., Gordon, Andrew M., Bodaly, R.A., Mills, Kenneth H., Somers, W. Murray, Fillatre, Gerald A.Contributors: “...School of Environmental Sciences...”
Published in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association ()
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134by Cott, Peter A., Sibley, Paul K., Somers, W. Murray, Lilly, Michael R., Gordon, Andrew M.Contributors: “...School of Environmental Sciences...”
Published in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association ()
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135by Arnaud, EmmanuelleContributors: “...School of Environmental Sciences...”
Published 2007
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137by Sibley, Paul K., White, Daniel M., Cott, Peter A., Lilly, Michael R.Contributors: “...School of Environmental Sciences...”
Published in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association ()
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