Environmental science
![Rachel Carson published her groundbreaking novel, ''Silent Spring'', in 1962, bringing the study of environmental science to the forefront of society.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Rachel-Carson.jpg)
Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect.
Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes, and to use that knowledge to understand how issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change influence and affect the natural systems and processes of earth. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space, and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis.
Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and (c) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book ''Silent Spring'' along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, "catching fire" (also in 1969), and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study. Provided by Wikipedia
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5881by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2016)
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5882by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5883by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5884by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5885by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5886by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5887by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5888by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5889by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5890by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5891by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5892by Favier, Vincent, Verfaillie, D., Berthier, Étienne, Menegoz, M., Jomelli, V., Kay, J. E., Ducret, L., Malbéteau, Y., Brunstein, D, Gallée, H., Park, Young-Hyang, Rinterknecht, V.Contributors: “...Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)...”
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5893by Guimberteau, Matthieu, Zhu, Dan, Maignan, Fabienne, Huang, Ye, Yue, Chao, Dantec-Nédélec, Sarah, Ottle, Catherine, Jornet-Puig, Albert, Bastos, Ana, Laurent, Pierre, Goll, Daniel, S, Bowring, Simon, Chang, Jinfeng, Guenet, Bertrand, Tifafi, Marwa, Peng, Shushi, Krinner, Gerhard, Ducharne, Agnès, Wang, Fuxing, Wang, Tao, Wang, Xuhui, Wang, Yilong, Yin, Zun, Lauerwald, Ronny, Joetzjer, Emilie, Qiu, Chunjing, Kim, Hyungjun, Ciais, PhilippeContributors: “...Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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5894by Guimberteau, Matthieu, Zhu, Dan, Maignan, Fabienne, Huang, Ye, Yue, Chao, Dantec-Nédélec, Sarah, Ottle, Catherine, Jornet-Puig, Albert, Bastos, Ana, Laurent, Pierre, Goll, Daniel, S, Bowring, Simon, Chang, Jinfeng, Guenet, Bertrand, Tifafi, Marwa, Peng, Shushi, Krinner, Gerhard, Ducharne, Agnès, Wang, Fuxing, Wang, Tao, Wang, Xuhui, Wang, Yilong, Yin, Zun, Lauerwald, Ronny, Joetzjer, Emilie, Qiu, Chunjing, Kim, Hyungjun, Ciais, PhilippeContributors: “...Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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5895by Guimberteau, Matthieu, Zhu, Dan, Maignan, Fabienne, Huang, Ye, Yue, Chao, Dantec-Nédélec, Sarah, Ottle, Catherine, Jornet-Puig, Albert, Bastos, Ana, Laurent, Pierre, Goll, Daniel, S, Bowring, Simon, Chang, Jinfeng, Guenet, Bertrand, Tifafi, Marwa, Peng, Shushi, Krinner, Gerhard, Ducharne, Agnès, Wang, Fuxing, Wang, Tao, Wang, Xuhui, Wang, Yilong, Yin, Zun, Lauerwald, Ronny, Joetzjer, Emilie, Qiu, Chunjing, Kim, Hyungjun, Ciais, PhilippeContributors: “...Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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5896by Guimberteau, Matthieu, Zhu, Dan, Maignan, Fabienne, Huang, Ye, Yue, Chao, Dantec-Nédélec, Sarah, Ottle, Catherine, Jornet-Puig, Albert, Bastos, Ana, Laurent, Pierre, Goll, Daniel, S, Bowring, Simon, Chang, Jinfeng, Guenet, Bertrand, Tifafi, Marwa, Peng, Shushi, Krinner, Gerhard, Ducharne, Agnès, Wang, Fuxing, Wang, Tao, Wang, Xuhui, Wang, Yilong, Yin, Zun, Lauerwald, Ronny, Joetzjer, Emilie, Qiu, Chunjing, Kim, Hyungjun, Ciais, PhilippeContributors: “...Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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5897by Guimberteau, Matthieu, Zhu, Dan, Maignan, Fabienne, Huang, Ye, Yue, Chao, Dantec-Nédélec, Sarah, Ottle, Catherine, Jornet-Puig, Albert, Bastos, Ana, Laurent, Pierre, Goll, Daniel, S, Bowring, Simon, Chang, Jinfeng, Guenet, Bertrand, Tifafi, Marwa, Peng, Shushi, Krinner, Gerhard, Ducharne, Agnès, Wang, Fuxing, Wang, Tao, Wang, Xuhui, Wang, Yilong, Yin, Zun, Lauerwald, Ronny, Joetzjer, Emilie, Qiu, Chunjing, Kim, Hyungjun, Ciais, PhilippeContributors: “...Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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5898by Guimberteau, Matthieu, Zhu, Dan, Maignan, Fabienne, Huang, Ye, Yue, Chao, Dantec-Nédélec, Sarah, Ottle, Catherine, Jornet-Puig, Albert, Bastos, Ana, Laurent, Pierre, Goll, Daniel, S, Bowring, Simon, Chang, Jinfeng, Guenet, Bertrand, Tifafi, Marwa, Peng, Shushi, Krinner, Gerhard, Ducharne, Agnès, Wang, Fuxing, Wang, Tao, Wang, Xuhui, Wang, Yilong, Yin, Zun, Lauerwald, Ronny, Joetzjer, Emilie, Qiu, Chunjing, Kim, Hyungjun, Ciais, PhilippeContributors: “...Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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5899by Ribeiro, Sofia, Limoges, Audrey, Massé, Guillaume, Johansen, Kasper L., Colgan, William, Weckström, Kaarina, Jackson, Rebecca, Georgiadis, Eleanor, Mikkelsen, Naja, Kuijpers, Antoon, Olsen, Jesper, Olsen, Steffen M., Nissen, Martin, Andersen, Thorbjørn, J, Strunk, Astrid, Wetterich, Sebastian, Syväranta, Jari, Henderson, Andrew C. G., Mackay, Helen, Taipale, Sami, Jeppesen, Erik, Larsen, Nicolaj K., Crosta, Xavier, Giraudeau, Jacques, Wengrat, Simone, Nuttall, Mark, Grønnow, Bjarne, Mosbech, Anders, Davidson, Thomas A.Contributors: “...Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Helsinki...”
Published in Nature Communications (2021)
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5900by Ribeiro, Sofia, Limoges, Audrey, Massé, Guillaume, Johansen, Kasper L., Colgan, William, Weckström, Kaarina, Jackson, Rebecca, Georgiadis, Eleanor, Mikkelsen, Naja, Kuijpers, Antoon, Olsen, Jesper, Olsen, Steffen M., Nissen, Martin, Andersen, Thorbjørn, J, Strunk, Astrid, Wetterich, Sebastian, Syväranta, Jari, Henderson, Andrew C. G., Mackay, Helen, Taipale, Sami, Jeppesen, Erik, Larsen, Nicolaj K., Crosta, Xavier, Giraudeau, Jacques, Wengrat, Simone, Nuttall, Mark, Grønnow, Bjarne, Mosbech, Anders, Davidson, Thomas A.Contributors: “...Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Helsinki...”
Published in Nature Communications (2021)
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