Environmental science
![Rachel Carson published her groundbreaking novel, ''Silent Spring'', in 1962, bringing the study of environmental science to the forefront of society.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Rachel-Carson.jpg)
Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the environment. Environmental engineering focuses on design and technology for improving environmental quality in every aspect.
Environmental scientists seek to understand the earth's physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes, and to use that knowledge to understand how issues such as alternative energy systems, pollution control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and climate change influence and affect the natural systems and processes of earth. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Key elements of an effective environmental scientist include the ability to relate space, and time relationships as well as quantitative analysis.
Environmental science came alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation in the 1960s and 1970s driven by (a) the need for a multi-disciplinary approach to analyze complex environmental problems, (b) the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and (c) the growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachel Carson's landmark environmental book ''Silent Spring'' along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, "catching fire" (also in 1969), and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study. Provided by Wikipedia
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5721by Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R. C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D. Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P. -Y., Anderson, R. B., Barraclough, B., Bell, J. F., Berger, G., Blaney, D. L., Bridges, J. C., Calef, F., Clark, B., Clegg, S. M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Malin, M., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S. K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, S., d'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Williams, R.Contributors: “...College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Cairns...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2015)
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5722by Jomelli, Vincent, Favier, Vincent, Vuille, Mathias, Braucher, R., Martin, Leo, Blard, P.-H., Colose, C., Brunstein, D., He, Feng, Khodri, Myriam, Bourles, D., Leanni, L., Rinterknecht, V., Grancher, D., Francou, B., Ceballos, J., M., Fonseca, H., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, BetteContributors: “...Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences Albany (DAES)...”
Published in Nature (2014)
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5723by Barbante, C., Barnola, Jean-Marc, Becagli, Silvia, Beer, J., Bigler, M., Boutron, Claude, F., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Cattani, O., Chappellaz, Jérome, Dahl-Jensen, D., Debret, Maxime, Delmonte, Barbara, Dick, D., Falourd, S., Faria, S., Federer, U., Fischer, Hubertus, Freitag, J., Frenzel, A., Fritzsche, D., Fundel, F., Gabrielli, Paolo, Gaspari, V., Gersonde, R., Graf, W., Grigoriev, D., Hamann, I., Hansson, M., Hoffmann, G., Hutterli, M. A., Huybrechts, P., Isaksson, E., Johnsen, S., Jouzel, Jean, Kaczmarska, M., Karlin, T., Kaufmann, P., Kipfstuhl, S., Kohno, M., Lambert, F., Lambrecht, Anja, Lambrecht, Astrid, Landais, A., Lawer, G., Leuenberger, M., Littot, G., Loulergue, L., Lüthi, D., Maggi, V., Marino, F., Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Meyer, H., Miller, H., Mulvaney, R., Narcisi, B., Oerlemans, J., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Petit, Jean-Robert, Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Röthlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Rybak, O., Severi, M., Schmitt, J., Schwander, J., Siegenthaler, U., L. Siggaard-Andersen, M., Spahni, R., P. Steffensen, J., Stenni, B., F. Stocker, T., L. Tison, J., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Valero-Delgado, F., R. van den Broeke, M., S. W. Wan de Wal, R., Wagenbach, D., Wegner, A., Weiler, K., Wilhelms, F., G. Winther, J., Wolff, E.Contributors: “...Department of Environmental Sciences...”
Published in Nature (2006)
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5724by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5725by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5726by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5727by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5728by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5729by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5730by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5731by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5732by Lemarié, Florian, Debreu, Laurent, Madec, Gurvan, Honnorat, Marc, Molines, Jean-MarcContributors: “...Modelling, Observations, Identification for Environmental Sciences (MOISE)...”
Published 2014
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5733by Gilbert, Franck, Kristensen, Erik, Aller, Robert, Banta, Gary, Archambault, Philippe, Belley, Rénald, Bellucci, Luca, Calder, Lois, Cuny, Philippe, de Montaudouin, Xavier, Eriksson, Susanne, Forster, Stefan, Gillet, Patrick, Godbold, Jasmin, Glud, Ronnie, Gunnarsson, Jonas, Hulth, Stefan, Lindqvist, Stina, Maire, Anthony, Michaud, Emma, Norling, Karl, Renz, Judith, Solan, Martin, Townsend, Michael, Volkenborn, Nils, Widdicombe, Stephen, Stora, GeorgesContributors: “...Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Gothenburg...”
Published in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (2021)
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5734by Jomelli, Vincent, Favier, Vincent, Vuille, Mathias, Braucher, R., Martin, Leo, Blard, P.-H., Colose, C., Brunstein, D., He, Feng, Khodri, Myriam, Bourles, D., Leanni, L., Rinterknecht, V., Grancher, D., Francou, B., Ceballos, J., M., Fonseca, H., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, BetteContributors: “...Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences Albany (DAES)...”
Published in Nature (2014)
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5735by Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R. C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D. Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P. -Y., Anderson, R. B., Barraclough, B., Bell, J. F., Berger, G., Blaney, D. L., Bridges, J. C., Calef, F., Clark, B., Clegg, S. M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Malin, M., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S. K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, S., d'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Williams, R.Contributors: “...College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Cairns...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2015)
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5736by Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R. C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D. Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P. -Y., Anderson, R. B., Barraclough, B., Bell, J. F., Berger, G., Blaney, D. L., Bridges, J. C., Calef, F., Clark, B., Clegg, S. M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Malin, M., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S. K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, S., d'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Williams, R.Contributors: “...College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Cairns...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2015)
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5737by Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R. C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D. Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P. -Y., Anderson, R. B., Barraclough, B., Bell, J. F., Berger, G., Blaney, D. L., Bridges, J. C., Calef, F., Clark, B., Clegg, S. M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Malin, M., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S. K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, S., d'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Williams, R.Contributors: “...College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Cairns...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2015)
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5738by Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R. C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D. Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P. -Y., Anderson, R. B., Barraclough, B., Bell, J. F., Berger, G., Blaney, D. L., Bridges, J. C., Calef, F., Clark, B., Clegg, S. M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Malin, M., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S. K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, S., d'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Williams, R.Contributors: “...College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Cairns...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2015)
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5739by Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R. C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D. Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P. -Y., Anderson, R. B., Barraclough, B., Bell, J. F., Berger, G., Blaney, D. L., Bridges, J. C., Calef, F., Clark, B., Clegg, S. M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Malin, M., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S. K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, S., d'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Williams, R.Contributors: “...College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Cairns...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2015)
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5740by Mangold, N., Forni, O., Dromart, G., Stack, K., Wiens, R. C., Gasnault, O., Sumner, D. Y., Nachon, M., Meslin, P. -Y., Anderson, R. B., Barraclough, B., Bell, J. F., Berger, G., Blaney, D. L., Bridges, J. C., Calef, F., Clark, B., Clegg, S. M., Cousin, A., Edgar, L., Edgett, K., Ehlmann, B., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, M., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, S., Herkenhoff, K. E., Hurowitz, J., Johnson, J. R., Kah, L. C., Lanza, N., Lasue, J., Le Mouelic, S., Léveillé, R., Lewin, E., Malin, M., Mclennan, S., Maurice, S., Melikechi, N., Mezzacappa, A., Milliken, R., Newsom, H., Ollila, A., Rowland, S. K., Sautter, V., Schmidt, M., Schroeder, S., d'Uston, C., Vaniman, D., Williams, R.Contributors: “...College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Cairns...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2015)
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