Michiel de Ruyter
![De Ruyter in 1667, by [[Ferdinand Bol]] ([[National Maritime Museum]] – [[Portrait of Michiel de Ruyter|another autograph version]] is now in the [[Rijksmuseum]])](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Bol%2C_Michiel_de_Ruyter.jpg)
De Ruyter came from a modest background in Zeeland and began seafaring from an early age; by the age of 30 he had become a shipmaster in the Dutch merchant fleet. In 1641, De Ruyter briefly served as a rear admiral during the Portuguese Restoration War, after which he returned to a prosperous merchant career for a decade before retiring to his hometown of Vlissingen. On the outbreak of the First Anglo-Dutch War in 1652, De Ruyter accepted a command in the Dutch Navy under lieutenant admiral Maarten Tromp, distinguished himself and was promoted to vice admiral at the end of the war. In 1655, he took part in the Second Northern War on the side of Denmark-Norway against Sweden.
De Ruyter was named lieutenant admiral and commander of the Dutch fleet at the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665, and in 1666 he won a hard-fought victory in the Four Days' Battle in the southern North Sea. In 1667, De Ruyter executed the highly successful Raid on the Medway, where he destroyed much of the English fleet and captured the English flagship , facilitating a favourable peace for the Dutch. In the Third Anglo-Dutch War, De Ruyter's actions during the battles of Solebay (1672), Schooneveld (1673) and Texel (1673) successfully prevented an invasion of the Dutch coast by Anglo-French forces. Continuing his fight against the French, De Ruyter was fatally wounded by a cannonball at the Battle of Augusta off Sicily in 1676, and died a week later in Syracuse. His body was brought back to Amsterdam, where he was accorded a state funeral and interred in the Nieuwe Kerk.
Often dubbed a Dutch folk hero, De Ruyter was highly respected by his sailors and soldiers, and his nickname ''Bestevaêr'' (Middle Dutch for "grandfather") is still used to refer to him in Dutch media today. Several Royal Netherlands Navy vessels have been named after him and his flagship, and he is credited as a founder of the Netherlands Marine Corps. Provided by Wikipedia
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21by De Ruijter, W.P.M., Biastoch, Arne, Drijhout, S.S., Lutjeharms, J.R.E., Matano, R., Pichevin, T., van Leeuwen, P.J., Weijer, W.Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (1999)
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22by de Ruijter, W.P.M., Biastoch, A., Drijfhout, S.S., Lutjeharms, J.R.E., Matano, R.P., Pichevin, T., van Leeuwen, P.J., Weijer, W.Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (1999)
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23Vigorous exchange between the Indian and Atlantic oceans at the end of the past five glacial periodsby Peeters, Frank JC, Acheson, Ruth, Brummer, Geert-Jan A, de Ruijter, Wilhelmus P. M, Schneider, Ralph R, Ganssen, Gerald M, Ufkes, Els, Kroon, DickGet access
Published in Nature (2004)
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24by de Ruijter, W. P. M., Brummer, G. -J. A., Drijfhout, S. S., Lutjeharms, J. R. E., Peeters, F., Ridderinkhof, H., van Aken, H., Van Leeuwen, P. J.Get access
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2006)
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25Vigorous exchange between the Indian and Atlantic oceans at the end of the past five glacial periodsby Peeters, F.J.C., Acheson, R., Brummer, G.J.A., de Ruijter, W.P.M., Schneider, R.R., Ganssen, G.M., Ufkes, E., Kroon, D.Get access
Published in Nature (2004)
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26by de Ruijter, W.P.M., Brummer, G.-J.A., Drijfhout, S.S., Lutjeharms, J.R.E., Peters, F., Ridderinkhof, H., van Aken, H., van Leeuwen, P.J.Get access
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2006)
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27by Meincke, J., Quadfasel, D., Berger, W., Brander, K., Dickson, R., Haugan, P., Latif, M., Marotzke, J., Marshall, J., Minster, J., Patzold, J., Parrilla, G., de Ruijter, W., Schott, F.Get access
Published 2003
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28by Beal, L., De Ruijter, W., Biastoch, A., Zahn, R., Cronin, M., Hermes, J., Lutjeharms, J., Quartly, G., Tozuka, T., Baker-Yeboah, S., Bornman, T., Cipollini, P., Dijkstra, H., Hall, I., Park, W., Peeters, F., Penven, P., Ridderinkhof, H., Zinke, JensGet access
Published in Nature (2011)
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29by Beal, Lisa M., De Ruijter, Wilhelmus P. M., Biastoch, Arne, Zahn, Rainer, Cronin, M., Hermes, J., Lutjeharms, J., Quartly, G., Tozuka, T., Baker-Yeboah, S., Bornman, T., Cipollini, P., Dijkstra, H., Hall, I., Park, Wonsun, Peeters, F., Penven, P., Ridderinkhof, H., Zinke, JensGet access
Published in Nature (2011)
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30by Beal, Lisa M., De Ruijter, Wilhelmus P. M., Biastoch, Arne, Zahn, Rainer, Cronin, Meghan, Hermes, Juliet, Lutjeharms, Johann, Quartly, Graham, Tozuka, Tomoki, Baker-Yeboah, Sheekela, Bornman, Thomas, Cipollini, Paolo, Dijkstra, Henk, Hall, Ian, Park, Wonsun, Peeters, Frank, Penven, Pierrick, Ridderinkhof, Herman, Zinke, JensGet access
Published in Nature (2011)
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31by Beal, Lisa M., De Ruijter, Wilhelmus P. M., Biastoch, Arne, Zahn, Rainer, Cronin, Meghan, Hermes, Juliet, Lutjeharms, Johann, Quartly, Graham, Tozuka, Tomoki, Baker-Yeboah, Sheekela, Bornman, Thomas, Cipollini, Paolo, Dijkstra, Henk, Hall, Ian, Park, Wonsun, Peeters, Frank, Penven, Pierrick, Ridderinkhof, Herman, Zinke, JensGet access
Published in Nature (2011)
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32by Beal, Lisa M., De Ruijter, Wilhelmus P. M., Biastoch, Arne, Zahn, Rainer, Cronin, Meghan, Hermes, Juliet, Lutjeharms, Johann, Quartly, Graham, Tozuka, Tomoki, Baker-Yeboah, Sheekela, Bornman, Thomas, Cipollini, Paolo, Dijkstra, Henk, Hall, Ian Robert, Park, Wonsun, Peeters, Frank, Penven, Pierrick, Ridderinkhof, Herman, Zinke, JensGet access
Published in Nature (2011)
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33by le Bars, D.M.Contributors: “...de Ruijter, W...”
Published 2014
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34by van Sebille, E.Contributors: “...de Ruijter, W...”
Published 2009
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35by van der Werf, P.M.Contributors: “...de Ruijter, W...”
Published 2010
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36by Manola, I.Contributors: “...de Ruijter, W...”
Published 2014
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37On multiple equilibria of the global ocean circulation and the preference for North Atlantic sinkingby Huisman, S.E.Contributors: “...de Ruijter, W...”
Published 2010
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