Daylight saving time
![DST was first implemented in the United States to conserve energy during World War I (poster by [[United Cigar Stores](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Saving_Daylight_-_Save_1%2C000%2C000_tons_of_coal_NMAH-AC0433-0000103.jpg)
DST is not usually observed near the Equator, where sunrise and sunset times do not vary enough to justify it; conversely, it is often not observed in places at high latitudes where a one-hour clock shift would provide little benefit because of the wide variations in sunrise and sunset times. Consequently, only a minority of the world's population uses DST. Some countries observe it only in some regions for example: it is observed only by some Australian states and by all states in the United States except for Hawaii and Arizona (within the latter, however, the Navajo Nation does observe it.
Historically, several ancient societies adopted seasonal changes to their timekeeping to make better use of daylight; Roman timekeeping even included changes to water clocks to accommodate this. However, these were changes to the time divisions of the day rather than setting the whole clock forward. In a satirical letter to the editor of the ''Journal de Paris'' in 1784, Benjamin Franklin suggested that if Parisians could only wake up earlier in the summer they would economize on candle and oil usage, but he did not propose changing the clocks. In 1895, New Zealand entomologist and astronomer George Hudson made the first realistic proposal to change clocks by two hours every spring to the Wellington Philosophical Society, but this was not implemented until 1928 and in another form. In 1907, William Willett proposed the adoption of British Summer Time as a way to save energy but although seriously considered by Parliament it was not implemented until 1916.
The first implementation of DST was by Port Arthur (today merged into Thunder Bay), in Ontario, Canada, in 1908, but only locally, not nationally. The first nation-wide implementations were by the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, both starting on 30 April 1916. Since then, many countries have adopted DST at various times, particularly since the 1970s energy crisis. Provided by Wikipedia
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21Contributors: “...Department of Science & Technology (DST) India...”
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22by Wadekar, Pravin H., Ahirrao, Dinesh J., Khose, Rahul V., Pethsangave, Dattatray A., Jha, Neetu, Some, SurajitContributors: “...DST...”
Published in ChemistrySelect (2018)
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23Contributors: “...Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India...”
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24by Singh, Purnima, Tsuji, Masaharu, Singh, Shiv Mohan, Roy, Utpal, Hoshino, TamotsuContributors: “...DST India...”
Published in Cryobiology (2013)
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25Contributors: “...Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India...”
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26by Tewari, Kamal, Mishra, Saroj K, Salunke, Popat, Dewan, AnupamContributors: “...DST Centre of Excellence in Climate Modelling, IIT Delhi...”
Published in Environmental Research Letters (2022)
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27by Shetye, Suhas S., Mohan, Rahul, Patil, Shramik, Jawak, Shridhar, Nair, Abhilash, Warrier, Anish Kumar, Badnal, Mahesh, Shirodkar, RiddhimaContributors: “...DST Inspire...”
Published in Regional Studies in Marine Science (2019)
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28Contributors: “...Department of Science and Technology (DST)...”
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29by Pandiyan, Jeganathan, Jagadheesan, Rajendran, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Mahboob, Shahid, Al-Ghanim, Khalid A., Al-Misned, Fahad, Ahmed, Zubair, Krishnappa, Kaliyamoorthy, Elumalai, Kuppusamy, Govindarajan, MarimuthuContributors: “...DST-SERB,New Delhi, Government of India....”
Published in Scientific Reports (2020)
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30by Pande, Anant, Rawat, Nidhi, Sivakumar, Kuppusamy, Sathyakumar, Sambandam, Mathur, Vinod B., Mondol, SamratContributors: “...Wildlife Institute of India and DST-Inspire Faculty Award to Samrat Mondol...”
Published in PeerJ (2018)
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31by Kumar, Amit, Gupta, Anil K., Bhambri, Rakesh, Verma, Akshaya, Tiwari, Sameer K., Asthana, A.K.L.Contributors: “...Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India...”
Published in Polar Science (2018)
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32Contributors: “...DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology...”
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33by Smart, K.A., Cartigny, P., Tappe, S., O'Brien, H., Klemme, S.Contributors: “...CIMERA DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the University of Johannesburg...”
Published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2017)
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34by Regattieri, E., Zanchetta, G., Drysdale, R. N., Isola, I., Hellstrom, J. C., Roncioni, A.Contributors: “...Regattieri, E.; DST Università di Pisa...”
Published in Quaternary Research (2014)
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35Contributors: “...South African DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences...”
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36by Pavithraa, S., Lo, J.-I., Cheng, B.-M., Sekhar, B.N. Raja, Mason, N.J., Sivaraman, B.Contributors: “...DST - INSPIRE...”
Published in Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (2019)
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37by Jones, M. Genevieve W., Dilley, Ben J., Hagens, Quentin A., Louw, Henk, Mertz, Edith M., Visser, Paul, Ryan, Peter G.Contributors: “...DST/NRF Centre of Excellence (CoE) at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology...”
Published in Polar Biology (2016)
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38by Techow, N.M.S.M., O'Ryan, C., Phillips, R.A., Gales, R., Marin, M., Patterson-Fraser, D., Quintana, F., Ritz, M.S., Thompson, D.R., Wanless, R.M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Ryan, P.G.Contributors: “...DST/NRF Centre of Excellence...”
Published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2010)
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39by Techow, N.M.S.M., O'Ryan, C., Phillips, R.A., Gales, R., Marin, M., Patterson-Fraser, D., Quintana, F., Ritz, M.S., Thompson, D.R., Wanless, R.M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Ryan, P.G.Contributors: “...DST/NRF Centre of Excellence...”
Published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2010)
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40by Techow, N.M.S.M., O'Ryan, C., Phillips, R.A., Gales, R., Marin, M., Patterson-Fraser, D., Quintana, F., Ritz, M.S., Thompson, D.R., Wanless, R.M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Ryan, P.G.Contributors: “...DST/NRF Centre of Excellence...”
Published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2010)
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