Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, ; .}} also known as Czechia, ; .}} is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec.The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, all of the Crown lands of Bohemia were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire.
In the 19th century, the Czech lands became more industrialized, and in 1918 most of it became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic following the collapse of Austria-Hungary after World War I. Czechoslovakia was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe to remain a parliamentary democracy during the entirety of the interwar period. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Nazi Germany systematically took control over the Czech lands. Czechoslovakia was restored in 1945 and three years later became an Eastern Bloc communist state following a coup d'état in 1948. Attempts to liberalize the government and economy were suppressed by a Soviet-led invasion of the country during the Prague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country and restored democracy. On 31 December 1992, Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care and free-tuition university education. It ranks 32nd in the Human Development Index. The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. Provided by Wikipedia
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81by Syrová, Michaela, Hromádková, Tereza, Pavel, Václav, Veselý, PetrContributors: “...Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic...”
Published in Polar Biology (2020)
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82by Iakovenko, N. S., Smykla, J., Convey, P., Kašparová, E., Kozeretska, I. A., Trokhymets, V., Dykyy, I., Plewka, M., Devetter, M., Duriš, Z., Janko, K.Contributors: “... of European Union and State Budget of the Czech Republic...”
Published in Hydrobiologia (2015)
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83Contributors: “...Charles University (Czech Republic)...”
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84by Heděnec, Petr, Jiménez, Juan José, Moradi, Jabbar, Domene, Xavier, Hackenberger, Davorka, Barot, Sebastien, Frossard, Aline, Oktaba, Lidia, Filser, Juliane, Kindlmann, Pavel, Frouz, JanContributors: “...Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2022)
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85by Smykla, Jerzy, Drewnik, Marek, Szarek-Gwiazda, Ewa, Hii, Yii Siang, Knap, Wiesław, Emslie, Steven D.Contributors: “...Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic within the project "Soil biodiversity of the Antarctic...”
Published in CATENA (2015)
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86by Khalili Tilami, Sarvenaz, Sampels, Sabine, Zajíc, Tomáš, Krejsa, Jakub, Másílko, Jan, Mráz, JanContributors: “...Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – projects “CENAKVA”...”
Published in PeerJ (2018)
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87by Vallejo, Luis, Mora, Jose, Nguyen, Dong-Nhat, Bohata, Jan, Almenar, Vicenc, Zvanovec, Stanislav, Ortega, BeatrizContributors: “...Ministry of Industry and Trade in Czech Republic...”
Published in Journal of Lightwave Technology (2021)
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88by Crous, P. W., Cowan, D. A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Yilmaz, N., Thangavel, R., Wingfield, M. J., Noordeloos, M. E., Dima, B., Brandrud, T. E., Jansen, G. M., Morozova, O. V., Matočec, N., Kušan, I., Lad, S., Læssøe, T., Lee, H. B., Luangsa-Ard, J. J., Lynch, M., Mešić, A., Miller, A. N., Mongkolsamrit, S., Bishop-Hurley, S., Moreno, G., Morte, A., Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, R., Vila, J., Naseer, Arooj, Navarro-Ródenas, A., Nguyen, T. T. T., Noisripoom, W., Ntandu, J. E., Nuytinck, J., Volobuev, S. V., Ostrý, V., Pankratov, T. A., Pawłowska, J., Pečenka, Jakub, Shivas, R. G., Pham, T. H. G., Polhorský, A., Pošta, A., Raudabaugh, D. B., Reschke, K., Weill, A., Rodríguez, A., Romero, M., Rooney-Latham, S., Roux, J., Sandoval-Denis, M., Tan, Y. P., Smith, M. Th., Steinrucken, T. V., Svetasheva, T. Y., Tkalčec, Z., Wrzosek, M., Linde, E. J. van der, Vegte, M., Vauras, J., Verbeken, A., Visagie, C. M., Vitelli, J. S., Zmitrovich, I. V., Zvyagina, E. A., Groenewald, J.Z., Lacey, E., Marney, T. S., Larsson, K.-H., Carnegie, A. J., Le Floch, G, Lombard, L., Nodet, P., Hubka, V., Alvarado, P., Berraf-Tebbal, Akila, Reyes, J. D., Delgado, Gregorio, Eichmeier, Ales, Jordal, J. B., Cobo-Díaz, José F., Kachalkin, A.V., Kubátová, A., Maciá-Vicente, José G., Malysheva, E. F., Papp, V., Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Sharma, A., Spetik, M., Szabóová, D., Tomashevskaya, M. A., Corriol, G., Abad, J. A., Abad, Z. G., Alexandrova, A. V., Anand, G., Arenas, F., Ashtekar, N., Balashov, S., Bañares, Ángel, Baroncelli, R., Bera, I., Cunnington, J. H., Biketova, A. Yu., Blomquist, C. L., Boekhout, T., Boertmann, D., Bulyonkova, T. M., Burgess, T. I., Cruz, M. O. da, Damm, U., Davoodian, N., Santiago, A. L. C. M. de A., Dearnaley, J., Freitas, L. W. S., Mahamedi, A. E., Dhileepan, K., Dimitrov, R., Di Piazza, S., Fatima, S., Fuljer, F., Galera, H., Ghosh, A., Giraldo, A., Glushakova, A. M., Gorczak, M., Malysheva, V. F:, Gouliamova, D. E., Gramaje, David, Groenewald, M., Gunsch, C. K., Gutierrez-Aguirregabiria, A., Holdom, D., Houbraken, J., Ismailov, A. B., Istel, Ł., Iturriaga, T., Mateos, A., Jeppson, M., Jurjević, Željko, Kalinina, L. B., Kapitonov, V. I., Kautmanová, I., Khalid, A. N., Kiran, M., Kiss, L., Kovács, A., Kurose, D.Contributors: “...Charles University (Czech Republic)...”
Published in Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (2021)
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89by Krokene, Paal, Børja, I., Carneros, Elena, Eldhuse, T.D., Nagy, N.E., Volarík, Daniel, Gebauer, RomanContributors: “...Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic)...”
Published in Tree Physiology (2023)
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90by MARTINET, BAPTISTE, LECOCQ, THOMAS, BRASERO, NICOLAS, BIELLA, PAOLO, URBANOVÁ, KLÁRA, VALTEROVÁ, IRENA, CORNALBA, MAURIZIO, GJERSHAUG, JAN OVE, MICHEZ, DENIS, RASMONT, PIERREContributors: “...Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic...”
Published in Systematic Entomology (2018)
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91by Pelet, Anna, Skopova, Vaclava, Steuerwald, Ulrike, Baresova, Veronika, Zarhrate, Mohammed, Plaza, Jean-Marc, Hnizda, Ales, Krijt, Matyas, Souckova, Olga, Wibrand, Flemming, Andorsdóttir, Guðrið, Joensen, Fróði, Sedlak, David, Bleyer, Anthony J, Kmoch, Stanislav, Lyonnet, Stanislas, Zikanova, MarieContributors: “...Ministry of Health of Czech Republic...”
Published in Human Molecular Genetics (2019)
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92Contributors: “...Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic...”
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93by Andrade, Helena, Glüge, Juliane, Herzke, Dorte, Ashta, Narain Maharaj, Nayagar, Shwetha Manohar, Scheringer, MartinContributors: “...Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic...”
Published in Environmental Sciences Europe (2021)
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94by Büntgen, Ulf, Hellmann, Lena, Tegel, Willy, Normand, Signe, Myers‐Smith, Isla, Kirdyanov, Alexander V., Nievergelt, Daniel, Schweingruber, Fritz H.Contributors: “... of the Czech Republic...”
Published in Journal of Ecology (2015)
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95by Gustafsson, A Lovisa S, Gussarova, Galina, Borgen, Liv, Ikeda, Hajime, Antonelli, Alexandre, Marie-Orleach, Lucas, Rieseberg, Loren H, Brochmann, ChristianContributors: “...Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic...”
Published in Annals of Botany (2021)
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96by Lehmann, Robert, Kovařík, Aleš, Ocalewicz, Konrad, Kirtiklis, Lech, Zuccolo, Andrea, Tegner, Jesper, Wanzenböck, Josef, Bernatchez, Louis, Lamatsch, Dunja K, Symonová, RadkaContributors: “..., Královopolská 135, Brno, 61265, Czech Republic...”
Published in Genome Biology and Evolution (2021)
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97by Kavan, Jan, Hrbáček, Filip, Stringer, Christopher D.Contributors: “...Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [project...”
Published in Hydrological Sciences Journal (2023)
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98by Gough, Laura, Goldberg, Deborah E., Hershock, Chad, Pauliukonis, Nijole, Petru, MartinaContributors: “..., CZ-370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic...”
Published 2001
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99by Chakhmouradian, Anton R., Reguir, Ekaterina P., Zaitsev, Anatoly N., Coueslan, Christopher, Xu, Cheng, Kynicky, Jindrich, Mumin, A. Hamid, Yang, PanseokContributors: “...Mendel Univ Brno, Dept Geol & Pedol, Brno, Czech Republic....”
Published in Lithos (2017)
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100by Plomerová, J., Margheriti, L., Park, J., Babuška, V., Pondrelli, S., Vecsey, L., Piccinini, D., Levin, L., Baccheschi, P., Salimbeni, S.Contributors: “...Babuška, V.; Geophysical Institute, Czech Acad. of Sci., Boční II, 141 31 Prague 4, Czech Republic...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2006)
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