Carmen
''Carmen'' () is an opera in four acts by the French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the eponymous novella by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first performed by the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, where its breaking of conventions shocked and scandalised its first audiences. Bizet died suddenly after the 33rd performance, unaware that the work would achieve international acclaim within the following ten years. ''Carmen'' has since become one of the most popular and frequently performed operas in the classical canon; the "Habanera" and "Seguidilla" from act 1 and the "Toreador Song" from act 2 are among the best known of all operatic arias.The opera is written in the genre of ''opéra comique'' with musical numbers separated by dialogue. It is set in southern Spain and tells the story of the downfall of Don José, a naïve soldier who is seduced by the wiles of the fiery gypsy Carmen. José abandons his childhood sweetheart and deserts from his military duties, yet loses Carmen's love to the glamorous torero Escamillo, after which José kills her in a jealous rage. The depictions of proletarian life, immorality, and lawlessness, and the tragic death of the main character on stage, broke new ground in French opera and were highly controversial.
After the premiere, most reviews were critical, and the French public was generally indifferent. ''Carmen'' initially gained its reputation through a series of productions outside France, and was not revived in Paris until 1883. Thereafter, it rapidly acquired popularity at home and abroad. Later commentators have asserted that ''Carmen'' forms the bridge between the tradition of ''opéra comique'' and the realism or ''verismo'' that characterised late 19th-century Italian opera.
The music of ''Carmen'' has since been widely acclaimed for brilliance of melody, harmony, atmosphere, and orchestration, and for the skill with which the emotions and suffering of the characters are represented. At his death Bizet was still in the midst of revising his score and because of other later changes (notably the introduction of recitatives composed by Ernest Guiraud in place of the original dialogue) there is still no definitive edition of the opera. The opera has been recorded many times since the first acoustical recording in 1908, and the story has been the subject of many screen and stage adaptations. Provided by Wikipedia
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365by Verónica Guerra Guerrero, Antonieta Fazzi Baez, Carmen Gloria Cofré González, Carmen Gloria Miño GonzálezGet access
Published 2017
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366by Piñeiro, Carmen, Barros-Velázquez, J., González Sotelo, Carmen, Pérez Martín, Ricardo Isaac, Gallardo, José ManuelGet access
Published in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (1998)
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367by Lozano, Carmen, González-Barrio, David, García, Jesús T., Olea, Pedro P., Ruiz Fons, Francisco, Torres, CarmenGet access
Published in Veterinary Microbiology (2015)
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368by Piñeiro-Álvarez, Carmen Gloria, Morgado, Cristina, Sainza-Sousa, María del Carmen, McCurdy, William JamesGet access
Published 2009
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371by Tomas, Carmen, Pereira, Vânia, Morling, NielsGet access
Published in International Journal of Legal Medicine (2011)
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372by Sue Schultz, Carmen Jones, Jennifer WalkerGet access
Published in International Journal of Population Data Science (2018)
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374by Rodríguez de France, María del CarmenGet access
Published in International Indigenous Policy Journal (2010)
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