Carmen
''Carmen'' () is an opera in four acts by the French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first performed by the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, where its breaking of conventions shocked and scandalised its first audiences. Bizet died suddenly after the 33rd performance, unaware that the work would achieve international acclaim within the following ten years. ''Carmen'' has since become one of the most popular and frequently performed operas in the classical canon; the "Habanera" and "Seguidilla" from act 1 and the "Toreador Song" from act 2 are among the best known of all operatic arias.The opera is written in the genre of ''opéra comique'' with musical numbers separated by dialogue. It is set in southern Spain and tells the story of the downfall of Don José, a naïve soldier who is seduced by the wiles of the fiery gypsy Carmen. José abandons his childhood sweetheart and deserts from his military duties, yet loses Carmen's love to the glamorous torero Escamillo, after which José kills her in a jealous rage. The depictions of proletarian life, immorality, and lawlessness, and the tragic death of the main character on stage, broke new ground in French opera and were highly controversial.
After the premiere, most reviews were critical, and the French public was generally indifferent. ''Carmen'' initially gained its reputation through a series of productions outside France, and was not revived in Paris until 1883. Thereafter, it rapidly acquired popularity at home and abroad. Later commentators have asserted that ''Carmen'' forms the bridge between the tradition of ''opéra comique'' and the realism or ''verismo'' that characterised late 19th-century Italian opera.
The music of ''Carmen'' has since been widely acclaimed for brilliance of melody, harmony, atmosphere, and orchestration, and for the skill with which the emotions and suffering of the characters are represented. At his death Bizet was still in the midst of revising his score and because of other later changes (notably the introduction of recitatives composed by Ernest Guiraud in place of the original dialogue) there is still no definitive edition of the opera. The opera has been recorded many times since the first acoustical recording in 1908, and the story has been the subject of many screen and stage adaptations. Provided by Wikipedia
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2961by Monika Kędra, Charlotte Moritz, Emily S. Choy, Carmen David, Renate Degen, Steven Duerksen, Ingrid Ellingsen, Barbara Górska, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Dubrava Kirievskaya, Dick van Oevelen, Kasia Piwosz, Annette Samuelsen, Jan Marcin WęsławskiGet access
Published in Polar Research (2015)
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2962by Monika Kędra, Charlotte Moritz, Emily S. Choy, Carmen David, Renate Degen, Steven Duerksen, Ingrid Ellingsen, Barbara Górska, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Dubrava Kirievskaya, Dick van Oevelen, Kasia Piwosz, Annette Samuelsen, Jan Marcin WęsławskiGet access
Published in Polar Research (2015)
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2963by Kędra, Monika, Moritz, Charlotte, Choy, Emily S., David, Carmen, Degen, Renate, Duerksen, Steven, Ellingsen, Ingrid, Górska, Barbara, Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., Kirievskaya, Dubrava, van Oevelen, Dick, Piwosz, Kasia, Samuelsen, Annette, Węsławski, Jan MarcinGet access
Published in Polar Research (2015)
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2964by Kędra, Monika, Moritz, Charlotte, Choy, Emily S., David, Carmen, Degen, Renate, Duerksen, Steven, Ellingsen, Ingrid, Górska, Barbara, Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., Kirievskaya, Dubrava, van Oevelen, Dick, Piwosz, Kasia, Samuelsen, Annette, Węsławski, Jan MarcinGet access
Published in Polar Research (2015)
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2965by Castellani, Giulia, Flores, Hauke, Lange, Benjamin Allen, Schaafsma, Fokje L, Ehrlich, Julia, David, Carmen Lucia, van Franeker, Jan Andries, Meijboom, Andre, van Dorssen, Michiel, Vortkamp, Martina, Van de Putte, Anton PGet access
Published 2019
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2966by Caputo, Simona, Papale, Maria, Rizzo, Carmen, Giannarelli, Stefania, Conte, Antonella, Moscheo, Federica, Graziano, Marco, Aspholm, Paul Eric, Onor, Massimo, De Domenico, Emilio, Miserocchi, Stefano, Michaud, Luigi, Azzaro, Maurizio, Lo Giudice, AngelinaGet access
Published in Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2019)
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2967by Casquet, César, Dahlquist, Juan Andrés, Verdecchia, Sebastián Osvaldo, Baldo, Edgardo Gaspar Agustín, Galindo, Carmen, Rapela, Carlos Washington, Pankhurst, Robert J., Morales Camera, Matías Martín, Murra, Juan Alberto Félix, Fanning, Christopher MarkGet access
Published 2018
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2969by Barbaro, Elena, Kozioł, Krystyna, Björkman, Mats P., Vega, Carmen P., Zdanowicz, Christian, Martma, Tõnu, Gallet, Jean-Charles, Kȩpski, Daniel, Larose, Catherine, Luks, Bartłomiej, Tolle, Florian, Schuler, Thomas, Uszczyk, Aleksander, Spolaor, AndreaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2021)
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2978by Vissundara M. Karunasena, Manonath Marasinghe, Carmen Koo, Saliya Amarasinghe, Arundika S. Senaratne, Rasika Hasantha, Mihirini Hewavitharana, Hapuarachchige C. Hapuarachchi, Hema D. B. Herath, Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Kamini N. Mendis, Deepika Fernando, Dewanee RanaweeraGet access
Published in Malaria Journal (2019)
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