National Council of Maubere Resistance
The National Council of Maubere Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional da Resistência Maubere, or CNRM) was an umbrella organisation of East Timorese individuals and organisations dedicated to resisting the Indonesian occupation of 1975–1999.In March 1986, FRETILIN and the UDT announced the formation of a coalition. In a re-organisation of the resistance structure, resistance leader Xanana Gusmão declared the resistance force Falintil to be a non-partisan 'national' army. In 1988, he relinquished membership of FRETILIN, believing the fight for a free East Timor transcended political loyalties. He established the National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) and was declared leader. José Ramos-Horta became external spokesperson.
The term Maubere was coined by Ramos-Horta in the 1970s. Initially used by the Portuguese to describe illiterate members of the Mambai, one of the largest ethnic groups of East Timor, it was reinvented as a badge of national pride by FRETILIN.
In April 1998, all Timorese political parties gathered in Peniche, Portugal and agreed to join the CNRM under a new name. Accordingly, it was renamed the National Council of Timorese Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense), or CNRT.
In May 1998, Indonesian president Suharto stepped down and his successor B. J. Habibie offered East Timor "special autonomy." The CNRT rejected the proposal on 11 August 1998, calling instead for a referendum on independence and the release of Xanana Gusmão from prison. The United Nations agreed to hold a referendum allowing the Timorese to choose autonomy (represented on the ballot paper by the Indonesian flag) or independence (represented on the ballot paper by the CNRT flag). 78.5% opted for independence. After mass violence blamed on pro-Indonesian militias, the UN took over administration and accepted the CNRT as its Timorese counterpart organization.
In 2000, the CNRT held its first congress inside East Timor, in Dili. With independence slated for 2002, the CNRT dissolved in 2001 to allow for a multi-party democracy. Provided by Wikipedia
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161by Guemas, Virginie, Salas Y Melia, David, Masa, Kegeyama, Hervé, Giordani, Aurore, Voldoire, Sanchez Gomez, EmiliaContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2008)
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162by Guemas, Virginie, Salas Y Melia, David, Masa, Kegeyama, Hervé, Giordani, Aurore, Voldoire, Sanchez Gomez, EmiliaContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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163by Castebrunet, H., Eckert, Nicolas, Giraud, G., Durand, Y., Morin, SoizicContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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164by Hagenmuller, P., Matzl, M., Chambon, Guillaume, Schneebeli, M.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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165Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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166Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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167by van Dalum, Christiaan, Van De Berg, Willem, Libois, Quentin, Picard, Ghislain, Van Den Broeke, MichielContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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168by Guemas, VirginieContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published 2009
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169by Domine, Florent, Gauthier, Gilles, Vionnet, Vincent, Fauteux, Dominique, Dumont, Marie, Barrere, MathieuContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Arctic Science (2018)
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170by Guemas, VirginieContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published 2009
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171by Guemas, VirginieContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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172by Guemas, VirginieContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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173by Guemas, VirginieContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published 2009
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174by Guemas, VirginieContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published 2009
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175by Cattiaux, JulienContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2010
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176by Rabier, F., Gauthier, P., Cardinali, C., Langland, R., Tsyrulnikov, M., Lorenc, A., Steinle, P., Gelaro, R., Koizumi, K.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2008
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177by Wang, W., Rinke, A., Moore, J., Cui, X., Ji, D., Li, Q., Zhang, N., Wang, C., Zhang, S., Lawrence, D., Mcguire, A., Zhang, W., Delire, C., Koven, C., Saito, K., MacDougall, A., Burke, E., Decharme, B.Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2016)
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178by Castebrunet, H., Eckert, N., Giraud, G., Durand, Y., Morin, SoizicContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2014)
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179by Spandre, P., François, H., Verfaillie, D., Pons, M., Vernay, M., Lafaysse, M., George, E., Morin, S.Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2019)
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180by Fahim Khokhar, Muhammad, Granier, Claire, Law, Kathy S., Stein, O., Schultz, M., Peuch, V. H., Huijen, V.Contributors: “...Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Bethesda (CNRM)...”
Published 2010
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