National Council of Maubere Resistance
The National Council of Maubere Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional da Resistência Maubere, or CNRM) was an umbrella organisation of East Timorese individuals and organisations dedicated to resisting the Indonesian occupation of 1975–1999.In March 1986, FRETILIN and the UDT announced the formation of a coalition. In a re-organisation of the resistance structure, resistance leader Xanana Gusmão declared the resistance force Falintil to be a non-partisan 'national' army. In 1988, he relinquished membership of FRETILIN, believing the fight for a free East Timor transcended political loyalties. He established the National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) and was declared leader. José Ramos-Horta became external spokesperson.
The term Maubere was coined by Ramos-Horta in the 1970s. Initially used by the Portuguese to describe illiterate members of the Mambai, one of the largest ethnic groups of East Timor, it was reinvented as a badge of national pride by FRETILIN.
In April 1998, all Timorese political parties gathered in Peniche, Portugal and agreed to join the CNRM under a new name. Accordingly, it was renamed the National Council of Timorese Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense), or CNRT.
In May 1998, Indonesian president Suharto stepped down and his successor B. J. Habibie offered East Timor "special autonomy." The CNRT rejected the proposal on 11 August 1998, calling instead for a referendum on independence and the release of Xanana Gusmão from prison. The United Nations agreed to hold a referendum allowing the Timorese to choose autonomy (represented on the ballot paper by the Indonesian flag) or independence (represented on the ballot paper by the CNRT flag). 78.5% opted for independence. After mass violence blamed on pro-Indonesian militias, the UN took over administration and accepted the CNRT as its Timorese counterpart organization.
In 2000, the CNRT held its first congress inside East Timor, in Dili. With independence slated for 2002, the CNRT dissolved in 2001 to allow for a multi-party democracy. Provided by Wikipedia
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101by Mansour, Karam, Decesari, Stefano, Facchini, Maria Cristina, Belosi, Franco, Paglione, Marco, Sandrini, Silvia, Bellacicco, Marco, Marullo, Salvatore, Santoleri, Rosalia, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Ceburnis, Darius, O'Dowd, Colin, Roberts, Greg, Sanchez, Kevin, Rinaldi, MatteoContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (2020)
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102by Benassi, Marianna, Conti, Giovanni, Gualdi, Silvio, Ruggieri, Paolo, Materia, Stefano, García-Serrano, Javier, Palmeiro, Froila, Batté, Lauriane, Ardilouze, ConstantinContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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103by Gaetani, Marco, Pohl, Benjamin, Douville, Hervé, Fontaine, BernardContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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104by Gaetani, Marco, Pohl, Benjamin, Douville, Hervé, Fontaine, BernardContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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105by Ricaud, Philippe, Bazile, Eric, Del Guasta, Massimo, Lanconelli, Christian, Grigioni, Paolo, Mahjoub, AchrafContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2017)
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106by Mansour, Karam, Decesari, Stefano, Facchini, Maria Cristina, Belosi, Franco, Paglione, Marco, Sandrini, Silvia, Bellacicco, Marco, Marullo, Salvatore, Santoleri, Rosalia, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Ceburnis, Darius, O'Dowd, Colin, Roberts, Greg, Sanchez, Kevin, Rinaldi, MatteoContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (2020)
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107by Oudar, Thomas, Sanchez-Gomez, Emilia, Chauvin, Fabrice, Cattiaux, Julien, Terray, Laurent, Cassou, ChristopheContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2017)
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108by Drame, Mamadou, Ceamanos, Xavier, Roujean, Jean, Boone, Aaron, Lafore, Jean, Carrer, Dominique, Geoffroy, OlivierContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmosphere (2015)
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109by Drame, Mamadou, Ceamanos, Xavier, Roujean, Jean, Boone, Aaron, Lafore, Jean, Carrer, Dominique, Geoffroy, OlivierContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmosphere (2015)
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110Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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111by Verfaillie, D., Lafaysse, M., Déqué, Michel, Eckert, Nicolas, Lejeune, Y., Morin, S.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2018)
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112by Matiu, Michael, Crespi, Alice, Bertoldi, Giacomo, Carmagnola, Carlo Maria, Marty, Christoph, Morin, Samuel, Schöner, Wolfgang, Cat Berro, Daniele, Chiogna, Gabriele, De Gregorio, Ludovica, Kotlarski, Sven, Majone, Bruno, Resch, Gernot, Terzago, Silvia, Valt, Mauro, Beozzo, Walter, Cianfarra, Paola, Gouttevin, Isabelle, Marcolini, Giorgia, Notarnicola, Claudia, Petitta, Marcello, Scherrer, Simon, Strasser, Ulrich, Winkler, Michael, Zebisch, Marc, Cicogna, Andrea, Cremonini, Roberto, Debernardi, Andrea, Faletto, Mattia, Gaddo, Mauro, Giovannini, Lorenzo, Mercalli, Luca, Soubeyroux, Jean-Michel, Sušnik, Andrea, Trenti, Alberto, Urbani, Stefano, Weilguni, ViktorContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2021)
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113by Charles, Elodie, Idier, Déborah, Delecluse, Pascale, Déqué, Michel, Le Cozannet, GonériContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Ocean Dynamics (2012)
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114by Naaim, Mohamed, Durand, Yannick, Eckert, Nicolas, Chambon, GuillaumeContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Journal of Glaciology (2013)
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115by Thomas, Matthew D., Tréguier, Anne-Marie, Blanke, Bruno, Deshayes, Julie, Voldoire, AuroreContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Journal of Climate (2015)
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116Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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117by De Boisséson, E., Thierry, V., Mercier, H., Caniaux, G., Desbruyères, D.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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118by Vionnet, V., Martin, E., Masson, V., Guyomarc'H, G., Naaim Bouvet, F., Prokop, A., Durand, Y., Lac, C.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2014)
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119by Calonne, N., Geindreau, C., Flin, F., Morin, S., Lesaffre, B., Rolland Du Roscoat, S., Charrier, P.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2012)
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120by Charles, Elodie, Idier, Déborah, Thiebot, Jérôme, Le Cozannet, Gonéri, Pedreros, Rodrigo, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Planton, SergeContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Journal of Climate (2012)
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