National Council of Maubere Resistance
The National Council of Maubere Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional da Resistência Maubere, or CNRM) was an umbrella organisation of East Timorese individuals and organisations dedicated to resisting the Indonesian occupation of 1975–1999.In March 1986, FRETILIN and the UDT announced the formation of a coalition. In a re-organisation of the resistance structure, resistance leader Xanana Gusmão declared the resistance force Falintil to be a non-partisan 'national' army. In 1988, he relinquished membership of FRETILIN, believing the fight for a free East Timor transcended political loyalties. He established the National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) and was declared leader. José Ramos-Horta became external spokesperson.
The term Maubere was coined by Ramos-Horta in the 1970s. Initially used by the Portuguese to describe illiterate members of the Mambai, one of the largest ethnic groups of East Timor, it was reinvented as a badge of national pride by FRETILIN.
In April 1998, all Timorese political parties gathered in Peniche, Portugal and agreed to join the CNRM under a new name. Accordingly, it was renamed the National Council of Timorese Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense), or CNRT.
In May 1998, Indonesian president Suharto stepped down and his successor B. J. Habibie offered East Timor "special autonomy." The CNRT rejected the proposal on 11 August 1998, calling instead for a referendum on independence and the release of Xanana Gusmão from prison. The United Nations agreed to hold a referendum allowing the Timorese to choose autonomy (represented on the ballot paper by the Indonesian flag) or independence (represented on the ballot paper by the CNRT flag). 78.5% opted for independence. After mass violence blamed on pro-Indonesian militias, the UN took over administration and accepted the CNRT as its Timorese counterpart organization.
In 2000, the CNRT held its first congress inside East Timor, in Dili. With independence slated for 2002, the CNRT dissolved in 2001 to allow for a multi-party democracy. Provided by Wikipedia
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781by Bock, Josué, Michou, Martine, Nabat, Pierre, Abe, Manabu, Mulcahy, Jane, Olivié, Dirk, Schwinger, Jörg, Suntharalingam, Parvadha, Tjiputra, Jerry, van Hulten, Marco, Watanabe, Michio, Yool, Andrew, Séférian, RolandContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2021)
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782by Hauck, Judith, Völker, Christoph, Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A., Laufkötter, Charlotte, Vogt, Meike, Aumont, O., Bopp, Laurent, Buitenhuis, Erik T., Doney, Scott C., Dunne, John P., Gruber, Nicolas, Hashioka, T., John, Jasmin G., Le Quéré, Corinne, Lima, Ivan D., Nakano, Hideyuki, Séférian, Roland, Totterdell, Ian J.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2015)
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783by Picard, Ghislain, Arnaud, Laurent, Panel, Jean-Michel, Morin, SamuelContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2016)
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784by Angot, Hélène, Magand, Olivier, Helmig, Detlev, Ricaud, Philippe, Quennehen, Boris, Gallée, Hubert, Del Guasta, Massimo, Sprovieri, Francesca, Pirrone, Nicola, Savarino, Joël, Dommergue, AurélienContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2016)
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785by Picard, Ghislain, Libois, Quentin, Arnaud, Laurent, Verin, Gauthier, Dumont, MarieContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2016)
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786by Vionnet, Vincent, Guyomarc’h, Gilbert, Sicart, Jean Emmanuel, Déliot, Yannick, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Bellot, Hervé, Hugo, MerzisenContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published 2017
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787by Naaim-Bouvet, Florence, Bellot, Hervé, Nishimura, Kouichi, Genthon, Christophe, Palerme, Cyril, Guyomarc'H, GilbertContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2012
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788by Stephen A., Cohn, Terry, Hock, Philippe, Cocquerez, Junhong, Wang, Florence, Rabier, David, Parsons, Patrick, Harr, Chun-Chieh, Wu, Philippe, Drobinski, Fatima, Karbou, Stéphanie, Vénel, André, Vargas, Nadia, Fourrié, Nathalie, Saint-Ramond, Vincent, Guidard, Alexis, Doerenbecher, Huang-Hsiung, Hsu, Po-Hsiung, Lin, Ming-Dah, Chou, Jean-Luc, Redelsperger, Charlie, Martin, Jack, Fox, Nick, Potts, Kathryn, Young, Hal, ColeContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2013)
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789Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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790by Biancamaria, Sylvain, Durand, Michael, Andreadis, Kostantinos, Bates, Paul, Boone, Aaron, Mognard, Nelly, Rodriguez, Ernesto, Alsdorf, Doug, Lettenmaier, D. P., Clark, ElizabethContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Remote Sensing of Environment (2011)
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791by Domine, Florent, Fourteau, Kévin, Picard, Ghislain, Lackner, Georg, Sarrazin, Denis, Poirier, MathildeContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2022)
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792by Lachkar, Zouhair, Orr, James, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Delecluse, PascaleContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (2009)
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793by Dumont, M., Pichevin, L., Geibert, W., Crosta, X., Michel, E., Moreton, S., Dobby, K., Ganeshram, R.Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Nature Communications (2020)
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794Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
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795by Le Roux, Erwan, Evin, Guillaume, Eckert, Nicolas, Blanchet, Juliette, Morin, SamuelContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2021)
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796Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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797by Biancamaria, Sylvain, Durand, Michael, Andreadis, Kostantinos, Bates, Paul, Boone, Aaron, Mognard, Nelly, Rodriguez, Ernesto, Alsdorf, Doug, Lettenmaier, D. P., Clark, ElizabethContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Remote Sensing of Environment (2011)
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798by Barral, Hélène, Vignon, E, Bazile, E, Traullé, O, Gallée, Hubert, Genthon, Christophe, Brun, Christophe, Couvreux, F, Le Moigne, PContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2014
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799by Ayarzagüena, B., Charlton-Perez, A. Â. J., Butler, A. Â. H., Hitchcock, P., Simpson, I. Â. R., Polvani, L. Â. M., Butchart, N., Gerber, E. Â. P., Gray, L., Hassler, B., Lin, P., Lott, F., Manzini, E., Mizuta, R., Orbe, C., Osprey, S., Saint-Martin, D., Sigmond, M., Taguchi, M., Volodin, E. Â. M., Watanabe, S.Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (2020)
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800by Stephen A., Cohn, Terry, Hock, Philippe, Cocquerez, Junhong, Wang, Florence, Rabier, David, Parsons, Patrick, Harr, Chun-Chieh, Wu, Philippe, Drobinski, Fatima, Karbou, Stéphanie, Vénel, André, Vargas, Nadia, Fourrié, Nathalie, Saint-Ramond, Vincent, Guidard, Alexis, Doerenbecher, Huang-Hsiung, Hsu, Po-Hsiung, Lin, Ming-Dah, Chou, Jean-Luc, Redelsperger, Charlie, Martin, Jack, Fox, Nick, Potts, Kathryn, Young, Hal, ColeContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2013)
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