National Council of Maubere Resistance
The National Council of Maubere Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional da Resistência Maubere, or CNRM) was an umbrella organisation of East Timorese individuals and organisations dedicated to resisting the Indonesian occupation of 1975–1999.In March 1986, FRETILIN and the UDT announced the formation of a coalition. In a re-organisation of the resistance structure, resistance leader Xanana Gusmão declared the resistance force Falintil to be a non-partisan 'national' army. In 1988, he relinquished membership of FRETILIN, believing the fight for a free East Timor transcended political loyalties. He established the National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) and was declared leader. José Ramos-Horta became external spokesperson.
The term Maubere was coined by Ramos-Horta in the 1970s. Initially used by the Portuguese to describe illiterate members of the Mambai, one of the largest ethnic groups of East Timor, it was reinvented as a badge of national pride by FRETILIN.
In April 1998, all Timorese political parties gathered in Peniche, Portugal and agreed to join the CNRM under a new name. Accordingly, it was renamed the National Council of Timorese Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense), or CNRT.
In May 1998, Indonesian president Suharto stepped down and his successor B. J. Habibie offered East Timor "special autonomy." The CNRT rejected the proposal on 11 August 1998, calling instead for a referendum on independence and the release of Xanana Gusmão from prison. The United Nations agreed to hold a referendum allowing the Timorese to choose autonomy (represented on the ballot paper by the Indonesian flag) or independence (represented on the ballot paper by the CNRT flag). 78.5% opted for independence. After mass violence blamed on pro-Indonesian militias, the UN took over administration and accepted the CNRT as its Timorese counterpart organization.
In 2000, the CNRT held its first congress inside East Timor, in Dili. With independence slated for 2002, the CNRT dissolved in 2001 to allow for a multi-party democracy. Provided by Wikipedia
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181by Fahim Khokhar, Muhammad, Granier, Claire, Law, Kathy, Stein, O., Schultz, M., Peuch, V. H., Huijen, V.Contributors: “...Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Bethesda (CNRM)...”
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182Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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183Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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184by Semane, N., Bencherif, Hassan, Morel, Béatrice, Hauchecorne, Alain, Diab, R.D.Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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185by Eckert, Nicolas, Keylock, C., Castebrunet, H., Lavigne, A., Naaim, MohamedContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Journal of Glaciology (2013)
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186by Mallet, Marc, Nabat, Pierre, Zuidema, Paquita, Redemann, Jens, Sayer, Andrew Mark, Stengel, Martin, Schmidt, Sebastian, Cochrane, Sabrina, Burton, Sharon, Ferrare, Richard, Meyer, Kerry, Saide, Pablo, Jethva, Hiren, Torres, Omar, Wood, Robert, Saint Martin, David, Roehrig, Romain, Hsu, Christina, Formenti, PaolaContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2019)
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187by Vionnet, Vincent, Guyomarc’h, Gilbert, Sicart, Jean Emmanuel, Déliot, Yannick, Naaim-Bouvet, F., Bellot, Hervé, Hugo, MerzisenContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published 2017
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188by Barrere, Mathieu, Domine, Florent, Decharme, Bertrand, Morin, Samuel, Vionnet, Vincent, Lafaysse, MatthieuContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2017)
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189by Fahim Khokhar, Muhammad, Granier, Claire, Law, Kathy S., Stein, O., Schultz, M., Peuch, V. H., Huijen, V.Contributors: “...Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Bethesda (CNRM)...”
Published 2010
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190by Fahim Khokhar, Muhammad, Granier, Claire, Law, Kathy S., Stein, O., Schultz, M., Peuch, V. H., Huijen, V.Contributors: “...Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Bethesda (CNRM)...”
Published 2010
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191by Carrer, Dominique, Meurey, Catherine, Hagolle, Olivier, Bigeard, Guillaume, Paci, Alexandre, Donier, Jean-Marie, Bergametti, Gilles, Bergot, Thierry, Calvet, Jean-Christophe, Goloub, Philippe, Victori, Stéphane, Wang, ZhuosenContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Remote Sensing (2021)
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192by Lambert, Dominique, Arbogast, Philippe, Cammas, Jean-Pierre, Donnadille, Jérôme, Mascart, PatrickContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2004)
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193by Pantillon, F., Chaboureau, Jean-Pierre, Lac, C., Mascart, P.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2013)
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194by Thouret, V., Cammas, Jean-Pierre, Sauvage, B., Athier, G., Zbinden, R., Nédélec, P., Simon, P., Karcher, F.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2006
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195by Thouret, V., Cammas, Jean-Pierre, Sauvage, B., Athier, G., Zbinden, R., Nédélec, P., Simon, P., Karcher, F.Contributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2005
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196Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
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197by Xia, J., McGuire, A.D., Lawrence, D., Burke, E., Chen, G., Chen, X., Delire, C., Koven, C., MacDougall, A., Peng, S., Rinke, A., Saito, K., Zhang, W., Alkama, R., Bohn, T.J., Ciais, P., Decharme, B., Gouttevin, I., Hajima, T., Hayes, D.J., Huang, K., Ji, D., Krinner, G., Lettenmaier, D.P., Miller, P.A., Moore, J.C., Smith, B., Sueyoshi, T., Shi, Z., Yan, L., Liang, J., Jiang, L., Zhang, Q., Luo, Y.Contributors: “...CNRM CNRS METEO FRANCE UMR 3589 TOULOUSE FRA...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences (2017)
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198by Montagnat, Maurine, Bourcier, Mathieu, Philip, Armelle, Bons, Paul, Bauer, Catherine, Deconinck, Paul, Hereil, PierreContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Journal of Glaciology (2021)
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199by Bencherif, Hassan, El-Amraoui, Laaziz, Sernane, N., Massart, S., Charyulu, D. V., Hauchecorne, Alain, Peuch, Vincent-HenriContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Canadian Journal of Physics (2007)
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200by Peng, S., Ciais, P., Krinner, G., Wang, T., Gouttevin, I., McGuire, A.D., Lawrence, D., Burke, E., Chen, X., Delire, C., Koven, C., MacDougall, A., Rinke, A., Zhang, W., Alkama, R., Bohn, T.J., Hajima, T., Ji, D., Lettenmaier, D.P., Miller, P.A., Moore, J.C., Smith, B., Sueyoshi, T, Decharme, B., Saito, K.Contributors: “...CNRM GAME CNRS METEO FRANCE UMR 3589 TOULOUSE FRA...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2016)
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