Taiga
Taiga or tayga ( ; ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest is the world's largest land biome. In North America, it covers most of inland Canada, Alaska, and parts of the northern contiguous United States. In Eurasia, it covers most of Sweden, Finland, much of Russia from Karelia in the west to the Pacific Ocean (including much of Siberia), much of Norway and Estonia, some of the Scottish Highlands, some lowland/coastal areas of Iceland, and areas of northern Kazakhstan, northern Mongolia, and northern Japan (on the island of Hokkaidō).The principal tree species, depending on the length of the growing season and summer temperatures, vary across the world. The taiga of North America is mostly spruce; Scandinavian and Finnish taiga consists of a mix of spruce, pines and birch; Russian taiga has spruces, pines and larches depending on the region; and the Eastern Siberian taiga is a vast larch forest.
Taiga in its current form is a relatively recent phenomenon, having only existed for the last 12,000 years since the beginning of the Holocene epoch, covering land that had been mammoth steppe or under the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in Eurasia and under the Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America during the Late Pleistocene.
Although at high elevations taiga grades into alpine tundra through Krummholz, it is not exclusively an alpine biome, and unlike subalpine forest, much of taiga is lowlands.
The term "taiga" is not used consistently by all cultures. In the English language, "boreal forest" is used in the United States and Canada in referring to more southerly regions, while "taiga" is used to describe the more northern, barren areas approaching the tree line and the tundra. Hoffman (1958) discusses the origin of this differential use in North America and how this differentiation distorts established Russian usage.
Climate change is a threat to taiga, and how the carbon dioxide absorbed or emitted should be treated by carbon accounting is controversial.
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5by Barber, Quinn E., Parisien, Marc‐André, Whitman, Ellen, Stralberg, Diana, Johnson, Chris J., St‐Laurent, Martin‐Hugues, DeLancey, Evan R., Price, David T., Arseneault, Dominique, Wang, Xianli, Flannigan, Mike D.Contributors: “...Science in Support of the Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement Program of Natural Resources Canada...”
Published in Ecosphere (2018)
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6by Kulha, Niko, Pasanen, Leena, Holmström, Lasse, Grandpre, Louis de, Gauthier, Sylvie, Kuuluvainen, Timo, Aakala, TuomasContributors: “...Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group...”
Published in Landscape Ecology (2020)
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7by Kreutz, Andreas, Aakala, Tuomas, Grenfell, Russell, Kuuluvainen, TimoContributors: “...Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group...”
Published in Silva Fennica (2015)
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8by Kulha, Niko Aleksi, Pasanen, Leena, Holmström, Lasse, Grandpre, Louis de, Kuuluvainen, Timo Tapio, Aakala, TuomasContributors: “...Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group...”
Published in Ecosystems (2019)
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10by Kuuluvainen, Timo, Hofgaard, Annika, Aakala, Tuomas, Jonsson, Bengt GunnarContributors: “...Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group...”
Published in Forest Ecology and Management (2017)
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11Contributors: “...Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group...”
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15by Pouta, Pasi, Kulha, Niko, Kuuluvainen, Timo, Aakala, TuomasContributors: “...Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group...”
Published in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change (2022)
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16by Aakala, Tuomas, Pasanen, Leena, Helama, Samuli, Vakkari, Ville, Drobyshev, Igor, Seppa, Heikki, Kuuluvainen, Timo, Stivrins, Normunds, Wallenius, Tuomo, Vasander, Harri, Holmstrom, LasseContributors: “...Boreal forest dynamics and biodiversity research group...”
Published in Ecological Monographs (2018)
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17by Prima, Marie-Caroline, Duchesne, Thierry, Merkle, Jerod A., Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Fortin, DanielContributors: “...Université Laval Industrial Research Chair in Boreal Forest Silviculture and Wildlife...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2022)
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