Black
| caption = Clockwise, from top left: Anubis statue; American black bear; Galaxy NGC 406; The Supreme Court of the United States in October 2022; Portrait painting of Queen Victoria. |hex = 000000 |spelling = Color |source = HTML/CSS |cmyk=(0, 0, 0, 100)}}Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have often been used to describe opposites such as good and evil, the Dark Ages versus Age of Enlightenment, and night versus day. Since the Middle Ages, black has been the symbolic color of solemnity and authority, and for this reason it is still commonly worn by judges and magistrates.
Black was one of the first colors used by artists in Neolithic cave paintings. It was used in ancient Egypt and Greece as the color of the underworld. In the Roman Empire, it became the color of mourning, and over the centuries it was frequently associated with death, evil, witches, and magic. In the 14th century, it was worn by royalty, clergy, judges, and government officials in much of Europe. It became the color worn by English romantic poets, businessmen and statesmen in the 19th century, and a high fashion color in the 20th century. According to surveys in Europe and North America, it is the color most commonly associated with mourning, the end, secrets, magic, force, violence, fear, evil, and elegance.
Black is the most common ink color used for printing books, newspapers and documents, as it provides the highest contrast with white paper and thus is the easiest color to read. Similarly, black text on a white screen is the most common format used on computer screens. the darkest material is made by MIT engineers from vertically aligned carbon nanotubes.
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1321by Jones, Fiona M., Allen, Campbell, Arteta, Carlos, Arthur, Joan, Black, Caitlin, Emmerson, Louise M., Freeman, Robin, Hines, Greg, Lintott, Chris J., Macháĉková, Zuzana, Miller, Grant, Simpson, Rob, Southwell, Colin, Torsey, Holly R., Zisserman, Andrew, Hart, TomGet access
Published 2019
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1322by Jones, Fiona M., Allen, Campbell, Arteta, Carlos, Arthur, Joan, Black, Caitlin, Emmerson, Louise M., Freeman, Robin, Hines, Greg, Lintott, Chris J., Macháĉková, Zuzana, Miller, Grant, Simpson, Rob, Southwell, Colin, Torsey, Holly R., Zisserman, Andrew, Hart, TomGet access
Published 2019
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1323by Sandra D Melman, Michelle L Steinauer, Charles Cunningham, Laura S Kubatko, Ibrahim N Mwangi, Nirvana Barker Wynn, Martin W Mutuku, Diana M S Karanja, Daniel G Colley, Carla L Black, William Evan Secor, Gerald M Mkoji, Eric S LokerGet access
Published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2009)
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Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1324by Jones, Fiona M., Allen, Campbell, Arteta, Carlos, Arthur, Joan, Black, Caitlin, Emmerson, Louise M., Freeman, Robin, Hines, Greg, Lintott, Chris J., Macháĉková, Zuzana, Miller, Grant, Simpson, Rob, Southwell, Colin, Torsey, Holly R., Zisserman, Andrew, Hart, TomGet access
Published 2018
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1325by Jones, Fiona M., Allen, Campbell, Arteta, Carlos, Arthur, Joan, Black, Caitlin, Emmerson, Louise M., Freeman, Robin, Hines, Greg, Lintott, Chris J., Macháĉková, Zuzana, Miller, Grant, Simpson, Rob, Southwell, Colin, Torsey, Holly R., Zisserman, Andrew, Hart, TomGet access
Published 2019
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1326by Pitman, Robert L., Deecke, Volker B., Gabriele, Christine M., Srinivasan, Mridula, Black, Nancy, Denkinger, Judith, Durban, John W., Mathews, Elizabeth A., Matkin, Dena R., Neilson, Janet L., Schulman‐Janiger, Alisa, Shearwater, Debra, Stap, Peggy, Ternullo, RichardGet access
Published in Marine Mammal Science (2016)
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1327by Pitman, Robert L., Deecke, Volker B., Gabriele, Christine M., Srinivasan, Mridula, Black, Nancy, Denkinger, Judith, Durban, John W., Mathews, Elizabeth A., Matkin, Dena R., Neilson, Janet L., Schulman-Janiger, Alisa, Shearwater, Debra, Stap, Peggy, Ternullo, RichardGet access
Published 2016
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1328by Arndt, Jan Erik, Schenke, Hans-Werner, Jakobsson, Martin, Nitsche, Frank O., Buys, Gwen, Goleby, Bruce, Rebesco, M., Bohoyo, Fernando, Hong, Jongkuk, Black, Jenny, Greku, Rudolf, Udintsev, G., Barrios, Felipe, Reynoso-Peralta, W., Taisei, Morishita, Wigley, RochelleGet access
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2013)
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1329by Pitman, Robert L., Deecke, Volker B., Gabriele, Christine M., Srinivasan, Mridula, Black, Nancy, Denkinger, Judith, Durban, John W., Mathews, Elizabeth A., Matkin, Dena R., Neilson, Janet L., Schulman-Janiger, Alisa, Shearwater, Debra, Stap, Peggy, Ternullo, RichardGet access
Published 2016
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1330by Pitman, Robert L., Deecke, Volker B., Gabriele, Christine M., Srinivasan, Mridula, Black, Nancy, Denkinger, Judith, Durban, John W., Mathews, Elizabeth A., Matkin, Dena R., Neilson, Janet L., Schulman-Janiger, Alisa, Shearwater, Debra, Stap, Peggy, Ternullo, RichardGet access
Published 2016
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1331by Jones, Fiona M., Allen, Campbell, Arteta, Carlos, Arthur, Joan, Black, Caitlin, Emmerson, Louise M., Freeman, Robin, Hines, Greg, Lintott, Chris J., Macháĉková, Zuzana, Miller, Grant, Simpson, Rob, Southwell, Colin, Torsey, Holly R., Zisserman, Andrew, Hart, TomGet access
Published 2019
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1332by Arndt, Jan Erik, Dorschel, Boris, Jakobsson, Martin, Nitsche, Frank O., Gowland, Elanor, Goleby, Bruce, Rebesco, Michele, Bohoyo, Fernando, Hong, Jong Kuk, Black, Jenny, Greku, Rudolf, Udintsev, G., Barrios, Felipe, Reynoso-Peralta, W., Taisei, Morishita, Wigley, RochelleGet access
Published 2014
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Conference Object -
1333by Arndt, Jan Erik, Dorschel, Boris, Jakobsson, Martin, Nitsche, Frank O., Gowland, Elanor, Goleby, Bruce, Rebesco, Michele, Bohoyo, Fernando, Hong, Jong Kuk, Black, Jenny, Greku, Rudolf, Udintsev, G., Barrios, Felipe, Reynoso-Peralta, W., Taisei, Morishita, Wigley, RochelleGet access
Published 2014
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1334by Pitman, Robert L., Deecke, Volker B., Gabriele, Christine M., Srinivasan, Mridula, Black, Nancy, Denkinger, Judith, Durban, John W., Mathews, Elizabeth A., Matkin, Dena R., Neilson, Janet L., Schulman-Janiger, Alisa, Shearwater, Debra, Stap, Peggy, Ternullo, RichardGet access
Published 2016
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1335by Tesán Onrubia, Javier A., Petrova, Mariia V., Puigcorbe, Viena, Black, Erin E., Valk, Ole, Dufour, Aurelie, Hamelin, Bruno, Buesseler, Ken, Masque, Pere, Le Moigne, Frederic, Sonke, Jeroen E., Rutgers van der Loeff, Michiel, Heimbuger-Boavida, Lars-EricGet access
Published in ACS Earth and Space Chemistry (2020)
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1336by Lisa Hefele, Antony P Black, Trinh Van Tan, Nguyen Tri Minh, Nguyen Duc Hoang, Siriphone Virachith, Claude P Muller, Judith M Hübschen, Paula Russell, Josefin Bartholdson Scott, Chau Nguyen Ngoc Minh, Tran Vu Thieu Nga, Stephen BakerGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2021)
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1337by Arndt, Jan Erik, Schenke, Hans-Werner, Jakobsson, Martin, Nitsche, Frank O., Buys, Gwen, Goleby, Bruce, Rebesco, M., Bohoyo, Fernando, Hong, Jong Kuk, Black, Jenny, Greku, Rudolf, Udintsev, G., Barrios, Felipe, Reynoso-Peralta, W., Taisei, Morishita, Wigley, RochelleGet access
Published 2013
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1338by Mooney, SD, Harrison, SP, Bartlein, PJ, Daniau, AL, Stevenson, J, Brownlie, KC, Buckman, S, Cupper, M, Luly, J, Black, M, Colhoun, EA, D’Costa, D, Dodson, JR, Haberle, S, Hope, GS, Kershaw, P, Kenyon, C, McKenzie, M, Williams, NGet access
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2011)
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1339
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1340by Arndt, Jan Erik, Schenke, Hans-Werner, Jakobsson, Martin, Nitsche, F. O., Buys, Gwen, Goleby, Bruce, Rebesco, M., Bohoyo, Fernando, Hong, J.K., Black, Jenny, Greku, Rudolf, Udintsev, G. B., Barrios, Felipe, Reynoso-Peralta, W., Taisei, Morishita, Wigley, RochelleGet access
Published 2013
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Conference Object