Beijing
![Tianning Pagoda](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Tianning_Temple_Pagoda.jpg)
Peiping (1368–1403;
1928–1937; 1945–1949) | w = Pei3-ching1 | mi = | bpmf = ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄥ | gr = Beeijing | j = bak1 ging1 | y = Bākgīng | ci = | suz = Poh-cin | poj = Pak-kiaⁿ | tl = Pak-kiann | buc = Báe̤k-gĭng | h = Bet5-gin1 | showflag = p | t = | s = | altname = | tp = Běijing }}
Beijing, , ; }} previously romanized as Peking, ( ),}} is the capital of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city after Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China.
Beijing is a global city and one of the world's leading centres for culture, diplomacy, politics, finance, business and economics, education, research, language, tourism, media, sport, science and technology and transportation and art. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions by total assets. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. For a decade before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beijing Capital International Airport was Asia's busiest airport (2009–2019) and the second busiest airport in the world (2010–2019). In 2020, the Beijing subway was the fourth busiest and second longest in the world. The Beijing Daxing International Airport, Beijing's second international airport, is the largest single-structure airport terminal in the world. The city has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable being the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Paralympics Games. In 2022, Beijing became the first city ever to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics, and also the Summer and Winter Paralympics.
Beijing combines both modern and traditional style architectures, with one side of the city being modernized and renovated to fit the times, and the other half still offering traditional hutong districts. Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back over three millennia. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium CE. With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. Beijing is one of the most important tourist destinations of the world. In 2018, Beijing was the second highest earning tourist city in the world after Shanghai. Beijing is home to many national monuments and museums and has eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites—the Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, Beijing Central Axis and parts of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal—all of which are popular tourist locations. Siheyuans, the city's traditional housing style, and hutongs, the narrow alleys between siheyuans, are major tourist attractions and are common in urban Beijing.
Beijing's public universities make up more than one-fifth of Double First-Class Construction universities, and many of them consistently rank among the best in the Asia-Pacific and the world. Beijing is home to universities including Tsinghua University and Peking University. Beijing CBD is a center for Beijing's economic expansion, with the ongoing or recently completed construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is a world leading center of scientific and technological innovation as well as entrepreneurship. Beijing has been ranked the city with the largest scientific research output by the Nature Index since the list's inception in 2016. Beijing hosts 175 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many organizations, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Silk Road Fund, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Central Academy of Fine Arts, the Central Academy of Drama, the Central Conservatory of Music, and the Red Cross Society of China. Provided by Wikipedia
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481by Ji Chen, WenyuanContributors: “...Beijing gong ye xue yuan...”
Published 2020
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482by Li, Peng, Zou, Han, Zhou, Libo, Ma, Shupo, Zhu, Jinhuan, Li, FeiContributors: “...the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission...”
Published in Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (2018)
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483by Wu, Xuexiang, Teame, Tsegay, Hao, Qiang, Ding, Qianwen, Liu, Hongliang, Ran, Chao, Yang, Yalin, Zhang, Youming, Zhou, Zhigang, Duan, Ming, Zhang, ZhenContributors: “...Beijing earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System...”
Published in Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2020)
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485by Wang, Lei, Du, Zhiheng, Wei, Zhiqiang, Xu, Qian, Feng, Yaru, Lin, Penglin, Lin, Jiahui, Chen, Shengyun, Qiao, Yongping, Shi, Jianzong, Xiao, CundeContributors: “...Beijing Normal University...”
Published in Science of The Total Environment (2021)
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486by Liu Zhengyu, Wu Shu, Zhang Shaoqing, Liu Yun, Rong XinyaoContributors: “...Peking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China....”
Published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (2013)
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487by Liu, Jiping, Song, Mirong, Horton, Radley M., Hu, YongyunContributors: “...Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing...”
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2013)
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488by Zhi, Wei, Yuan, Li, Ji, Guodong, Liu, Yangsheng, Cai, Zhang, Chen, XiContributors: “..., Beijing 100871, Peoples R China....”
Published in Environmental Earth Sciences (2015)
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489by Hou, Guiting, Kusky, T. M., Wang, Chuancheng, Wang, YanxinContributors: “..., Beijing 100871, Peoples R China....”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2010)
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490by Zhang, Qing-He, Moen, Joran, Lockwood, Michael, McCrea, Ian, Zhang, Bei-Chen, McWilliams, Kathryn A., Zong, Qiu-Gang, Zhang, Shun-Rong, Ruohoniemi, J. Michael, Thomas, Evan G., Dunlop, Malcolm W., Liu, Rui-Yuan, Yang, Hui-Gen, Hu, Hong-Qiao, Lester, MarkContributors: “... Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China....”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2016)
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491by Ming, J., Cachier, H., Xiao, C., Qin, D., Kang, S., Hou, S., Xu, J.Contributors: “...Institute of Climate System Beijing...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2008)
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492by Ming, J., Cachier, H., Xiao, C., Qin, D., Kang, S., Hou, S., Xu, J.Contributors: “...Institute of Climate System Beijing...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2008)
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493by Ming, J., Cachier, H., Xiao, C., Qin, D., Kang, S., Hou, S., Xu, J.Contributors: “...Institute of Climate System Beijing...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2008)
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494Contributors: “...Beijing Hydrological Station...”
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495Contributors: “...Beijing Hydrological Station...”
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496Contributors: “..., Grant#2016SOA002, Beijing, China...”
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497Contributors: “..., Grant#2016SOA002, Beijing, China...”
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498by Kuang, Fenliang, Wu, Wei, Ke, Wanjuan, Ma, Qiang, Chen, Weipin, Feng, Xuesong, Zhang, Zhengwang, Ma, ZhijunContributors: “...World Wide Fund for Nature Beijing Office...”
Published in Journal of Ornithology (2019)
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499Contributors: “...Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing (CAS)...”
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500Contributors: “...Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing (CAS)...”
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