Hastings Banda
Hastings Kamuzu Banda ( – 25 November 1997) was the leader of Malawi from 1964 to 1994. He served as Prime Minister from independence in 1964 to 1966, when Malawi was a Dominion / Commonwealth realm. In 1966, the country became a republic and he became the first president as a result, ruling until his defeat in 1994.After receiving much of his education in ethnography, linguistics, history, and medicine overseas, Banda returned to Nyasaland to speak against colonialism and advocate independence from the United Kingdom. He was formally appointed Prime Minister of Nyasaland, and led the country to independence in 1964. Two years later, he proclaimed Malawi a republic with himself as the first president. He consolidated power and later declared Malawi a one-party state under the Malawi Congress Party (MCP). In 1970, the MCP made him the party's President for Life. In 1971, he became president for Life of Malawi itself. A renowned anti-communist leader in Africa, he received support from the Western Bloc during the Cold War. He generally supported women's rights, improved the country's infrastructure and maintained a good educational system relative to other African countries.
However, he presided over one of the most repressive regimes in Africa, an era that saw political opponents regularly tortured and murdered. Human rights groups estimate that at least 6,000 people were killed, tortured and jailed without trial. As many as 18,000 people were killed during his rule, according to one estimate. His rule has been characterised as a "highly repressive autocracy." He also received criticism for maintaining full diplomatic relations with the apartheid government in South Africa. By 1993, amid increasing domestic and international pressure, he agreed to hold a referendum which ended the one-party system. Soon afterwards, a special assembly ended his life-term presidency and stripped him of most of his powers. Banda ran for president in the democratic elections that followed and was defeated. He died in South Africa in 1997. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Schull, Michael, Cornick, Ruth, Thompson, Sandy, Faris, Gill, Fairall, Lara, Burciul, Barry, Sodhi, Sumeet, Draper, Beverley, Joshua, Martias, Mondiwa, Martha, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Bateman, Eric, Zwarenstein, MerrickGet access
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2by Schull, Michael J, Cornick, Ruth, Thompson, Sandy, Faris, Gill, Fairall, Lara, Burciul, Barry, Sodhi, Sumeet, Draper, Beverley, Joshua, Martias, Mondiwa, Martha, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Bateman, Eric, Zwarenstein, MerrickGet access
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3by Draper Beverley, Sodhi Sumeet, Burciul Barry, Fairall Lara, Faris Gill, Thompson Sandy, Cornick Ruth, Schull Michael J, Joshua Martias, Mondiwa Martha, Banda Hastings, Kathyola Damson, Bateman Eric, Zwarenstein MerrickGet access
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4by Schull, Michael J, Cornick, Ruth, Thompson, Sandy, Faris, Gill, Fairall, Lara, Burciul, Barry, Sodhi, Sumeet, Draper, Beverley, Joshua, Martias, Mondiwa, Martha, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Bateman, Eric, Zwarenstein, MerrickGet access
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5by Schull, Michael J, Cornick, Ruth, Thompson, Sandy, Faris, Gill, Fairall, Lara, Burciul, Barry, Sodhi, Sumeet, Draper, Beverley, Joshua, Martias, Mondiwa, Martha, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Bateman, Eric, Zwarenstein, MerrickGet access
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6by Schull, Michael J, Cornick, Ruth, Thompson, Sandy, Faris, Gill, Fairall, Lara, Burciul, Barry, Sodhi, Sumeet, Draper, Beverley, Joshua, Martias, Mondiwa, Martha, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Bateman, Eric, Zwarenstein, MerrickGet access
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7by Sodhi, Sumeet, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Burciul, Barry, Thompson, Sandy, Joshua, Martias, Bateman, Eric, Fairall, Lara, Martiniuk, Alexandra, Cornick, Ruth, Faris, Gill, Draper, Beverley, Mondiwa, Martha, Katengeza, Egnat, Sanudi, Lifah, ZwGet access
Published in BMC International Health and Human Rights (2011)
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8by Martiniuk Alexandra, Fairall Lara, Bateman Eric, Joshua Martias, Thompson Sandy, Burciul Barry, Kathyola Damson, Banda Hastings, Sodhi Sumeet, Cornick Ruth, Faris Gill, Draper Beverley, Mondiwa Martha, Katengeza Egnat, Sanudi Lifah, Zwarenstein Merrick, Schull Michael JGet access
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9by Sodhi, Sumeet, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Burciul, Barry, Thompson, Sandy, Joshua, Martias, Bateman, Eric, Fairall, Lara, Martiniuk, Alexandra, Cornick, Ruth, Faris, Gill, Draper, Beverley, Mondiwa, Martha, Katengeza, Egnat, Sanudi, Lifah, Zwarenstein, Merrick, Schull, Michael JGet access
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10by Sodhi, Sumeet, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Burciul, Barry, Thompson, Sandy, Joshua, Martias, Bateman, Eric, Fairall, Lara, Martiniuk, Alexandra, Cornick, Ruth, Faris, Gill, Draper, Beverley, Mondiwa, Martha, Katengeza, Egnat, Sanudi, Lifah, Zwarenstein, Merrick, Schull, Michael JGet access
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11by Sodhi, Sumeet, Banda, Hastings, Kathyola, Damson, Burciul, Barry, Thompson, Sandy, Joshua, Martias, Bateman, Eric, Fairall, Lara, Martiniuk, Alexandra, Cornick, Ruth, Faris, Gill, Draper, Beverley, Mondiwa, Martha, Katengeza, Egnat, Sanudi, Lifah, Zwarenstein, Merrick, Schull, Michael JGet access
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