École polytechnique
| native_name = | image = | start_date = September 28, 1794 | country = France | allegiance = France | type = Public research university | command_structure = French Armed Forces | motto = ''Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire'' | battles_label = Wars | battles = Sixth Coalition World War I World War II | battle_honours = Legion of Honour Croix de guerre 1914–1918 Croix de guerre 1939–1945 citation to the order of the army | commander1_label = Commanding Officer | commander1 = Senior General Armament Engineer François Bouchet | commander2_label = Colonel of the Regiment | commander2 = Thibault Capdeville head of corps and director of human and military training }}(; also known as Polytechnique or '''l'X''' ) is a ''grande école'' located in Palaiseau, France. It specializes in science and engineering and is a founding member of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris.
The school was founded in 1794 by mathematician Gaspard Monge during the French Revolution and was militarized under Napoleon I in 1804. It is still supervised by the French Ministry of Armed Forces. Originally located in the Latin Quarter in central Paris, the institution moved to Palaiseau in 1976, in the Paris-Saclay technology cluster.
French engineering students undergo initial military training and have the status of paid officer cadets. The school has also been awarding doctorates since 1985, masters since 2005 and bachelors since 2017. Most Polytechnique engineering graduates go on to become top executives in companies, senior civil servants, military officers, or researchers.
Its alumni from the engineering graduate program include three Nobel Prize winners, a Fields Medalist, three Presidents of France and many CEOs of French and international companies. Among them are mathematicians such as Cauchy, Coriolis, Henri Poincaré, Laurent Schwartz and Benoît Mandelbrot, physicists such as Becquerel, Carnot, Ampère and Fresnel, and economists Maurice Allais and Jean Tirole. French Marshals Joffre, Foch, Fayolle and Maunoury all graduated from Polytechnique engineering program. Provided by Wikipedia
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18201by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18202by Eymard, Laurence, Planton, S., Durand, P., Le Visage, Christophe, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Prieur, L., Weill, Alain, Hauser, Danièle, Rolland, J., Pelon, Jacques, Baudin, François, Benech, B., Brenguier, J. L., Caniaux, G., de Mey, P., Dombrowski, Eric, Druilhet, Aimé, Dupuis, Hélène, Ferret, B., Flamant, Cyrille, Flamant, Pierre Henri, Hernandez, F., Jourdan, D., Katsaros, Kristina, Lambert, D., Lefevre, J. M., Leborgne, P., Lesquere, B., Marsoin, A., Roquet, H., Tournadre, J., Trouillet, Vincent, Tychensky, A., Zakardjian, BrunoContributors: “... - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche...”
Published in Annales Geophysicae (1996)
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18203by Grenier, Christophe, Costard, F., Anbergen, Hauke, Bense, Victor, F., Chanzy, Quentin, Coon, Ethan, Collier, Nathaniel, Ferry, Michel, Frampton, Andrew, Frederick, Jennifer, Goncalves, Julio, Holmén, Johann, Jost, Anne, Kokh, Samuel, Kurylyk, Barret, Mckenzie, Jeffrey, Molson, John, Mouche, Emmanuel, Orgogozo, Laurent, Pannetier, Romain, Pohl, Eric, Rivière, Agnès, Rühaak, Wolfram, Scheidegger, Johanna, Selroos, Jan-Olof, Therrien, Rene, Vidstrand, Patrik, Voss, Clifford, IContributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published 2019
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18204by Grenier, Christophe, Costard, F., Anbergen, Hauke, Bense, Victor, F., Chanzy, Quentin, Coon, Ethan, Collier, Nathaniel, Ferry, Michel, Frampton, Andrew, Frederick, Jennifer, Goncalves, Julio, Holmén, Johann, Jost, Anne, Kokh, Samuel, Kurylyk, Barret, Mckenzie, Jeffrey, Molson, John, Mouche, Emmanuel, Orgogozo, Laurent, Pannetier, Romain, Pohl, Eric, Rivière, Agnès, Rühaak, Wolfram, Scheidegger, Johanna, Selroos, Jan-Olof, Therrien, Rene, Vidstrand, Patrik, Voss, Clifford, IContributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published 2019
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18205by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18206by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18207by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18208by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18209by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18210by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18211by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18212by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18213by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “...Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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18214by Kazuyo, Tachikawa, Arsouze, Thomas, Bayon, Germain, Bory, Aloys, Colin, Christophe, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Frank, Norbert, Giraud, Xavier, Gourlan, Alexandra T., Jeandel, Catherine, Lacan, F., Meynadier, Laure, Montagna, Paolo, Piotrowski, Alexander M., Plancherel, Yves, Pucéat, Emmanuelle, Roy-Barman, Matthieu, Waelbroeck, ClaireContributors: “... - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche...”
Published in Chemical Geology (2017)
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18215by Kazuyo, Tachikawa, Arsouze, Thomas, Bayon, Germain, Bory, Aloys, Colin, Christophe, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Frank, Norbert, Giraud, Xavier, Gourlan, Alexandra T., Jeandel, Catherine, Lacan, F., Meynadier, Laure, Montagna, Paolo, Piotrowski, Alexander M., Plancherel, Yves, Pucéat, Emmanuelle, Roy-Barman, Matthieu, Waelbroeck, ClaireContributors: “... - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche...”
Published in Chemical Geology (2017)
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18216by Tachikawa, Kazuyo, arsouze, thomas, Bayon, Germain, Bory, Aloys, Colin, Christophe, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Frank, Norbert, GIRAUD, Xavier, Gourlan, Alexandra T., Jeandel, Catherine, Lacan, F., Meynadier, Laure, Montagna, Paolo, Piotrowski, Alexander M., Plancherel, Yves, Pucéat, Emmanuelle, Roy-Barman, Matthieu, Waelbroeck, ClaireContributors: “... National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X...”
Published in Chemical Geology (2017)
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18217by Eymard, Laurence, Planton, S., Durand, P., Le Visage, Christophe, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Prieur, L., Weill, Alain, Hauser, Danièle, Rolland, J., Pelon, Jacques, Baudin, François, Benech, B., Brenguier, J. L., Caniaux, G., de Mey, P., Dombrowski, Eric, Druilhet, Aimé, Dupuis, Hélène, Ferret, B., Flamant, Cyrille, Flamant, Pierre Henri, Hernandez, F., Jourdan, D., Katsaros, Kristina, Lambert, D., Lefevre, J. M., Leborgne, P., Lesquere, B., Marsoin, A., Roquet, H., Tournadre, J., Trouillet, Vincent, Tychensky, A., Zakardjian, BrunoContributors: “... - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche...”
Published in Annales Geophysicae (1996)
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18218by van den Hurk, Bart, Kim, Hyungjun, Krinner, Gerhard, Seneviratne, Sonia, Derksen, Chris, Oki, Taikan, Douville, Hervé, Colin, Jeanne, Ducharne, Agnès, Cheruy, Frederique, Viovy, Nicholas, Puma, Michael, Wada, Yoshihide, Li, Weiping, Jia, Binghao, Alessandri, Andrea, Lawrence, Dave, Weedon, Graham, Ellis, Richard, Hagemann, Stefan, Mao, Jiafu, Flanner, Mark, Zampieri, Matteo, Materia, Stefano, Law, Rachel, Sheffield, JustinContributors: “... - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2016)
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18219by Steen-Larsen, H. C., Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Sjolte, J., Johnsen, S. J., Vinther, M., Breon, Francois-Marie, Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Falourd, S., Fettweis, X., Gallee, H., Jouzel, Jean, Kageyama, M., Lerche, H., Minster, B., Picard, G., Punge, H. J., Risi, C., Salas, D., Schwander, J., Steffen, K., Sveinbjornsdottir, A., Svensson, A., White, J.Contributors: “... - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2011)
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18220by Kazuyo, Tachikawa, Arsouze, Thomas, Bayon, Germain, Bory, Aloys, Colin, Christophe, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Frank, Norbert, Giraud, Xavier, Gourlan, Alexandra T., Jeandel, Catherine, Lacan, F., Meynadier, Laure, Montagna, Paolo, Piotrowski, Alexander M., Plancherel, Yves, Pucéat, Emmanuelle, Roy-Barman, Matthieu, Waelbroeck, ClaireContributors: “... - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche...”
Published in Chemical Geology (2017)
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