École polytechnique
| native_name = | image = | start_date = September 28, 1794 | country = France | allegiance = France | type = Public research university | command_structure = French Armed Forces | motto = ''Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire'' | battles_label = Wars | battles = Sixth Coalition World War I World War II | battle_honours = Legion of Honour Croix de guerre 1914–1918 Croix de guerre 1939–1945 citation to the order of the army | commander1_label = Commanding Officer | commander1 = Senior General Armament Engineer François Bouchet | commander2_label = Colonel of the Regiment | commander2 = Thibault Capdeville head of corps and director of human and military training }}(; also known as Polytechnique or '''l'X''' ) is a ''grande école'' located in Palaiseau, France. It specializes in science and engineering and is a founding member of the Polytechnic Institute of Paris.
The school was founded in 1794 by mathematician Gaspard Monge during the French Revolution and was militarized under Napoleon I in 1804. It is still supervised by the French Ministry of Armed Forces. Originally located in the Latin Quarter in central Paris, the institution moved to Palaiseau in 1976, in the Paris-Saclay technology cluster.
French engineering students undergo initial military training and have the status of paid officer cadets. The school has also been awarding doctorates since 1985, masters since 2005 and bachelors since 2017. Most Polytechnique engineering graduates go on to become top executives in companies, senior civil servants, military officers, or researchers.
Its alumni from the engineering graduate program include three Nobel Prize winners, a Fields Medalist, three Presidents of France and many CEOs of French and international companies. Among them are mathematicians such as Cauchy, Coriolis, Henri Poincaré, Laurent Schwartz and Benoît Mandelbrot, physicists such as Becquerel, Carnot, Ampère and Fresnel, and economists Maurice Allais and Jean Tirole. French Marshals Joffre, Foch, Fayolle and Maunoury all graduated from Polytechnique engineering program. Provided by Wikipedia
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201by Genthon, Christophe, Berne, Alexis, Grazioli, Jacopo, Durán Alarcón, Claudio, Praz, Christophe, Boudevillain, BriceContributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
Published in Earth System Science Data (2018)
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202by Guillou-Frottier, Laurent, Mareschal, Jean-Claude, Musset, JulienContributors: “...Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada -École...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1998)
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203by Nishimura, Y., Bortnik, J., Li, W., Thome, R.M., Ni, B., Lyons, L.R., Angelopoulos, V., Ebihara, Y., Bonnell, J. W., Le Contel, Olivier, Auster, U.Contributors: “...Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2013)
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204by Genthon, Christophe, Berne, Alexis, Grazioli, Jacopo, Durán Alarcón, Claudio, Praz, Christophe, Boudevillain, BriceContributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
Published in Earth System Science Data (2018)
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205by Doaré, Olivier, Michelin, Sébastien, Pineirua, Miguel, Xia, YifanContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Volume 9A: Ocean Renewable Energy (2014)
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206by Doaré, Olivier, Michelin, Sébastien, Pineirua, Miguel, Xia, YifanContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Volume 9A: Ocean Renewable Energy (2014)
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207by Doaré, Olivier, Michelin, Sébastien, Pineirua, Miguel, Xia, YifanContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Volume 9A: Ocean Renewable Energy (2014)
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208by Doaré, Olivier, Michelin, Sébastien, Pineirua, Miguel, Xia, YifanContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Volume 9A: Ocean Renewable Energy (2014)
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209by Genthon, Christophe, Berne, Alexis, Grazioli, Jacopo, Durán Alarcón, Claudio, Praz, Christophe, Boudevillain, BriceContributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
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210by Carlson, Matthew, L., Flagstad, Lindsey, A., Gillet, François, Mitchell, Edward, A. D.Contributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
Published in Journal of Ecology (2010)
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211by Bardos, Claude, Golse, François, Markowich, Peter, Paul, ThierryContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (2015)
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212by Genthon, Christophe, Berne, Alexis, Grazioli, Jacopo, Durán Alarcón, Claudio, Praz, Christophe, Boudevillain, BriceContributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
Published in Earth System Science Data (2018)
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213by Guillou-Frottier, Laurent, Mareschal, Jean-Claude, Musset, JulienContributors: “...École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (1998)
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214by Bardos, Claude, Golse, François, Markowich, Peter, Paul, ThierryContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (2015)
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215by Bardos, Claude, Golse, François, Markowich, Peter, Paul, ThierryContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (2015)
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216by Bardos, Claude, Golse, François, Markowich, Peter, Paul, ThierryContributors: “...École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...”
Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (2015)
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217by Benavent, Nuria, Mahajan, Anoop, Li, Qinyi, Cuevas, Carlos, Schmale, Julia, Angot, Hélène, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane, Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, Zilker, Bianca, Richter, Andreas, Serna, Jesús, Garcia-Nieto, David, Fernandez, Rafael, Skov, Henrik, Dumitrascu, Adela, Simões Pereira, Patric, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Posman, Kevin, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar, Saiz-Lopez, AlfonsoContributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2022)
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218by Benavent, Nuria, Mahajan, Anoop, Li, Qinyi, Cuevas, Carlos, Schmale, Julia, Angot, Hélène, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane, Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, Zilker, Bianca, Richter, Andreas, Serna, Jesús, Garcia-Nieto, David, Fernandez, Rafael, Skov, Henrik, Dumitrascu, Adela, Simões Pereira, Patric, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Posman, Kevin, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar, Saiz-Lopez, AlfonsoContributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2022)
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219by Benavent, Nuria, Mahajan, Anoop, Li, Qinyi, Cuevas, Carlos, Schmale, Julia, Angot, Hélène, Jokinen, Tuija, Quéléver, Lauriane, Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene, Zilker, Bianca, Richter, Andreas, Serna, Jesús, Garcia-Nieto, David, Fernandez, Rafael, Skov, Henrik, Dumitrascu, Adela, Simões Pereira, Patric, Abrahamsson, Katarina, Bucci, Silvia, Duetsch, Marina, Stohl, Andreas, Beck, Ivo, Laurila, Tiia, Blomquist, Byron, Howard, Dean, Archer, Stephen, Bariteau, Ludovic, Helmig, Detlev, Hueber, Jacques, Jacobi, Hans-Werner, Posman, Kevin, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar, Saiz-Lopez, AlfonsoContributors: “...Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2022)
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220by Zelenski, M., Garavelli, A., Pinto, D., Vurro, F., Moëlo, Y., Bindi, L., Makovicky, E., Bonaccorsi, E.Contributors: “... (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN)...”
Published in American Mineralogist (2009)
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