Water
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Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms (in which it acts as a solvent). It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, , indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. In liquid form, is also called "water" at standard temperature and pressure.
Because Earth's environment is relatively close to water's triple point, water exists on Earth as a solid, a liquid, and a gas. It forms precipitation in the form of rain and aerosols in the form of fog. Clouds consist of suspended droplets of water and ice, its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of snow. The gaseous state of water is steam or water vapor.
Water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface, with seas and oceans making up most of the water volume (about 96.5%). Small portions of water occur as groundwater (1.7%), in the glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland (1.7%), and in the air as vapor, clouds (consisting of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and precipitation (0.001%). Water moves continually through the water cycle of evaporation, transpiration (evapotranspiration), condensation, precipitation, and runoff, usually reaching the sea.
Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70% of the fresh water used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies has been, and continues to be, a major source of food for many parts of the world, providing 6.5% of global protein. Much of the long-distance trade of commodities (such as oil, natural gas, and manufactured products) is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and canals. Large quantities of water, ice, and steam are used for cooling and heating in industry and homes. Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of substances, both mineral and organic; as such, it is widely used in industrial processes and in cooking and washing. Water, ice, and snow are also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment, such as swimming, pleasure boating, boat racing, surfing, sport fishing, diving, ice skating, snowboarding, and skiing.
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721
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722by N. Kalinkina M., E. Tekanova V., T. Efremova V., N. Palshin I., L. Nazarova E., V. Baklagin N., R. Zdorovennov E., V. Smirnova S., Н. Калинкина М., Е. Теканова В., Т. Ефремова В., Н. Пальшин И., Л. Назарова Е., В. Баклагин Н., В. Павлейчик М., Ю. Падалко А.Contributors: “... to the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Northern Water Problems Institute, KRC, RAS)....”
Published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Geograficheskaya (2022)
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723Contributors: “...Department of Hydrology and Water Resources...”
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724Contributors: “... Solomon was born in Deep Water Creek and her mother Florence (nee Poole) was from Carbonear. Her paternal...”
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725
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726by Zervoudaki, S., Krasakopoulou, E., Moutsopoulos, T., Protopapa, M., Marro, S., Gazeau, F.Contributors: “...Corsica Water Agency...”
Published in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (2017)
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727by Yu, Congrong, Li, Ying, Jin, Huijun, Ma, Qiang, Yu, Zhongbo, Shi, Keliang, Li, Xiangying, Chen, GangContributors: “...the Belt and Road Special Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources...”
Published in Aquatic Geochemistry (2021)
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728by Gulla, Snorre, Barnes, Andrew C, Welch, Timothy J, Romalde, Jesús L, Ryder, David, Ormsby, Michael J, Carson, Jeremy, Lagesen, Karin, Verner-Jeffreys, David W, Davies, Robert L, Colquhoun, Duncan JContributors: “...Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment...”
Published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2018)
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729Contributors: “...Graham Chubbs was born in 1930 in Deep Water Creek to John and Gertrude Chubbs. He moved to Saint...”
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730by Vigouroux, C., de Mazière, M., Errera, Q., Mahieu, E., Duchatelet, P., Wood, S., Smale, D., Mikuteit, S., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Jones, N.Contributors: “...National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder (NIWA)...”
Published 2006
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731by Vigouroux, C., de Mazière, M., Errera, Q., Chabrillat, S., Mahieu, E., Duchatelet, P., Wood, S., Smale, D., Mikuteit, S., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Jones, N.Contributors: “...National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder (NIWA)...”
Published 2007
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732by Vigouroux, C., De Mazière, M., Errera, Q., Mahieu, E., Duchatelet, P., Wood, S., Smale, D., Mikuteit, S., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Jones, N.Contributors: “...National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder (NIWA)...”
Published 2006
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733by Vigouroux, C., De Mazière, M., Errera, Q., Chabrillat, S., Mahieu, E., Duchatelet, P., Wood, S., Smale, D., Mikuteit, S., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Jones, N.Contributors: “...National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder (NIWA)...”
Published 2007
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734by Zoanni, Dionne KaeContributors: “... are in our culture': integrating traditional knowledge systems into tribal water governance on Fort Peck...”
Published 2017
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735Contributors: “...French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development; ONEMA (French National Office of Water...”
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736Contributors: “...French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development; ONEMA (French National Office of Water...”
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737by Vigouroux, C., de Mazière, M., Errera, Q., Mahieu, E., Duchatelet, P., Wood, S., Smale, D., Mikuteit, S., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Jones, N.Contributors: “...National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder (NIWA)...”
Published 2006
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738by Vigouroux, C., de Mazière, M., Errera, Q., Chabrillat, S., Mahieu, E., Duchatelet, P., Wood, S., Smale, D., Mikuteit, S., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Jones, N.Contributors: “...National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder (NIWA)...”
Published 2007
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739Contributors: “...French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development; ONEMA (French National Office of Water...”
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740Contributors: “...Northwest Territories Water Resources...”
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