Francia
![Clovis](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Clotilde_partageant_le_royaume_entre_ses_fils.jpg)
Originally, the core Frankish territories inside the former Western Roman Empire were close to the Rhine and Meuse rivers in the north, before Frankish rulers such as Chlodio and Childeric I expanded their rule into what is now northern France. Clovis I, the son of Childeric, unified all Franks after conquering Soissons in 486 and Aquitaine in 507. He founded the Merovingian dynasty, which was eventually replaced by the Carolingian dynasty. Under the nearly continuous campaigns of Pepin of Herstal, Charles Martel, Pepin the Short, Charlemagne, and Louis the Pious—father, son, grandson, great-grandson and great-great-grandson—the greatest expansion of the Frankish empire was secured by the early 9th century, and is by this point referred to as the Carolingian Empire.
During the reign of the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties, the Frankish realm was one large polity, generally subdivided into several smaller kingdoms ruled by different members of the ruling dynasties. Whilst these kingdoms coordinated, they also regularly came into conflict with one another. The old Frankish lands, for example, were initially contained within the kingdom of Austrasia, centred on the Rhine and Meuse, roughly corresponding to later Lower Lotharingia. The Gallo-Roman territory to its south and west was called Neustria. The exact borders and number of these subkingdoms varied over time, until a basic split between eastern and western domains became persistent. After various treaties and conflicts in the late-9th and early-10th centuries, West Francia came under control of the Capetian dynasty, becoming the Kingdom of France, while East Francia and Lotharingia came under the control of the non-Frankish Ottonian dynasty, becoming the Kingdom of Germany, which would conquer Burgundy and Italy to then form the medieval Holy Roman Empire. Competing French and German nationalisms in later centuries would claim succession from Charlemagne and the original kingdom, but nowadays both have become seen by many as Pan-European symbols. Provided by Wikipedia
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101ANTARES and IceCube Combined Search for Neutrino Point-like and Extended Sources in the Southern Skyby Albert, A., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aubert, J-J, Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bourret, S., Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in The Astrophysical Journal (2020)
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102by Teplitsky, Celine, Tarka, Maja, Møller, Anders P., Nakagawa, Shinichi, Balbontín Arenas, Javier, Burke, Terry A., Doutrelant, Claire, Gregoire, Arnaud, Hansson, Bengt, Hasselquist, Dennis, Gustafsson, Lars, Lope Rebollo, Florentino de, Marzal Reynolds, Alfonso, Mills, James A., Wheelwright, Nathaniel T., Yarrall, John W., Charmantier, AnneContributors: “...Université Paris-Sud. Francia...”
Published in PLoS ONE (2014)
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103by Andre, M., Caballé, A., Van der Schaar, M., Solsona, A., Houégnigan, L., Zaugg, S., Sanchez, A. M., Castell, J. V., Solé, M., Vila, F., Djokic, D., Adrián Martínez, Silvia, Albert, A., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Felis-Enguix, Iván, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Francia...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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104by Adrián Martínez, Silvia, Ageron, M., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Avgitas, T., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Baret, B., Llorens Alvarez, Carlos David, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (2017)
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105by Snoj Tratnik, Janja, Kocman, David, Horvat, Milena, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Juul, Anders, Jacobsen, Eva, Ólafsdóttir, Kristin, Klanova, Jana, Andryskova, Lenka, Janasik, Beata, Wasowicz, Wojciech, Janev Holcer, Natasa, Namorado, Sónia, Coelho, Inês, Rambaud, Loïc, Riou, Margaux, Van Nieuwenhuyse, An, Appenzeller, Brice, Kolossa-Gehring, Marike, Weber, Till, Esteban-Lopez, Marta, Castaño, Argelia, Gilles, Liese, Rodriguez Marti, Laura, Schoeters, Greet, Sepai, Ovnair, Govarts, EvaContributors: “...Ministère de la Santé (Francia)...”
Published in International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health (2022)
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106by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Alves Garre, S., Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Ardid-Ramírez, Joan Salvador, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bou Cabo, M., Diego-Tortosa, D., Espinosa Roselló, Víctor, García-Méndez, J., Llorens Álvarez, Carlos David, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (2022)
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107by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alves Garre, S., Ambrosone, A., Aly, Z., Ameli, F., Anghinolfi, M., Andre, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M, Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bailly-Salins, L., Baret, B., Espinosa Roselló, Víctor, García-Méndez, Juan, Diego-Tortosa, D., Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, C.Contributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in Journal of Instrumentation (2023)
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108by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Ardid-Ramírez, Joan Salvador, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bou Cabo, Manuel, Diego-Tortosa, Dídac, Espinosa Roselló, Víctor, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in The European Physical Journal C (2021)
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109by Ageron, M., Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., du Pree, S. Basegmez, Belias, A., Berbee, E., Tortosa, Dídac D., Llorens Alvarez, Carlos David, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in The European Physical Journal C (2020)
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110by Ageron, M., Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., du Pree, S. Basegmez, Belias, A., Berbee, E., Tortosa, Dídac D., Llorens Alvarez, Carlos David, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in The European Physical Journal C (2020)
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111by Adrián Martínez, Silvia, Ageron, M., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Avgitas, T., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Baret, B., Llorens Alvarez, Carlos David, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Francia...”
Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (2017)
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112by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Alves Garre, S., Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Ardid-Ramírez, Joan Salvador, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bou Cabo, Manuel, Diego-Tortosa, Dídac, Espinosa Roselló, Víctor, Llorens Alvarez, Carlos David, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in The European Physical Journal C (2022)
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113by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alves Garre, S., Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Ardid-Ramírez, Joan Salvador, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bou Cabo, Manuel, Diego-Tortosa, D., Espinosa Roselló, Víctor, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in The European Physical Journal C (2022)
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114by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alves Garre, S., Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bailly-Salins, L., Baret, B., Di Palma, I., García-Méndez, JuanContributors: “...Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Francia...”
Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (2023)
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115by Adrián Martínez, Silvia, Albert, A., André, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aubert, J. -J., Baret, B., Barrios Martí, J., Basa, S., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bormuth, R., Felis-Enguix, Iván, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Francia...”
Published in The Astrophysical Journal (2016)
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116by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Diego-Tortosa, D., Espinosa Roselló, Víctor, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in Journal of Instrumentation (2020)
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117by Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Diego-Tortosa, D., Espinosa Roselló, Víctor, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Francia...”
Published in Journal of Instrumentation (2020)
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